Definition of Snark With Examples

Abusive and sarcastic speech or writing--a form of invective. Depending on the speaker, subject, and audience, snark may be perceived as either witty or asinine, sophisticated or sophomoric. Adjective: snarky. The word snark first appeared in Lewis Carrolls nonsense poem The Hunting of the Snark (1874). The Snark, Carroll says, is a peculiar creature with a talent for avoiding capture. In its contemporary sense, the term is generally regarded as a  portmanteau word--a blend of snide and remark. Examples and Observations: I never forget a face, but in your case Ill make an exception.(Groucho Marx)I stand by this man [President George W. Bush]. I stand by this man because he stands for things. Not only for things, he stands on things, things like aircraft carriers and rubble and recently flooded city squares. And that sends a strong message, that no matter what happens to America, she will always rebound with the most powerfully staged photo-ops in the world.(Stephen Colbert, address at the annual dinner of the White House Correspondents Association, 2006)They always throw around this term the liberal elite. And I keep thinking to myself about the Christian right. Whats more elite than believing that only you will go to heaven?(Jon Stewart, The Daily Show)[I]t’s in Frances’ satirical mini-rants, aphorisms and meandering recollections . . . that Chalcot Crescent comes alive, allowing [Fay] Weldon to direct her famous she-devil snark at whatever targets strike her fancy: sex, marriage, chil dren, careers, jealousy, aging.(Tom DeHaven, Winking at the Apocalypse. The New York Times Book Review, Oct. 15, 2010)The Social Function of SnarkSnark is not the same as hate speech, which is abuse directed at groups. Hate speech slashes and burns, and hopes to incite, but without much attempt at humor. . . .Snark attacks individuals, not groups, though it may appeal to a group mentality, depositing a little bit more toxin into already poisoned waters. Snark is a teasing, rug-pulling form of insult that attempts to steal someones mojo, erase her cool, annihilate her effectiveness, and it appeals to a knowing audience that shares the contempt of the snarker and therefore understands whatever references he makes. . . .Snark often functions as an enforcer of mediocrity and conformity. In its cozy knowingness, snark flatters you by assuming that you get the contemptuous joke. Youve been admitted, or readmitted, to a club, though it may be the club of the second-rate.(David Denby, Snark : A Polemic in Seven Fits. Simon Schuster, 2009)

The Stanford Prison Experiment Article Essay - 955 Words

Running head: ESSAY ON THE STANFORD PRISON EXPERIMENT ARTICLE 1 Essay on the Stanford Prison Experiment Article John Adams University of the People ESSAY ON THE STANFORD PRISON EXPERIMENT ARTICLE 2 Per the Stanford Prison Experiment article (Haney, C., Banks, C. Zimbardo, P. 1971/1973) the general topic is to address the underlying psychological mechanisms for human aggression as well as societal group impacts on situations. The experiment was developed to observe, evaluate and investigate if and how people conform to a role play situation in a prison environment. Also, to determine the environmental implications as well as how social roles impact conformity on the situation to test the dispositional hypothesis. The participants consisted of all male college students who were in good physical and psychological condition who signed up for the experiment and agreed to all its stipulations. They randomly assigned 11 students to play the role of guard and 10 to play the role of prisoner. A mock prison was built and participants were arrested, booked and imprisoned 3 men per cell. Measures collected consisted of bot h groups behavior and interactions being observed, recorded, video-taped then analyzed. Also, the use of questionnaires, mood inventories, personality tests, daily guard reports, mock parole hearings and post experiment interviews were conducted. Several prisoners became sick as a passive way to end theirShow MoreRelatedThe Stanford Prison Experiment Article Addresses The Psychology Of Power Essay1453 Words   |  6 PagesThe Stanford Prison Experiment article addresses the psychology of power by studying a model of the prisoner and guard relationship as represented by the American penal system. The authors, through a unique experiment involving volunteers who would play the roles of guards and prisoners in a somewhat realistic prison setting, hoped to provide empirical scientific evidence and information proving that the American penal system is not only dysfunctional and inherently flawed, but causes real and lastingRead MoreI Chose The Topic Of Prison Psychology With A Focus O n1198 Words   |  5 PagesI chose the topic of prison psychology with a focus on the Stanford prison experiment and the psychological effects of systematic abuse. Zimbardo, Philip G. Revisiting the Stanford Prison Experiment: A Lesson in the Power of Situation. The Chronicle of Higher Education, no. 30, 2007. EBSCOhost, ezproxy.uhd.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=edsgbcAN=edsgcl.161992127site=eds-livescope=site. The Stanford Prison Experiment was a study on the psychological effectsRead MoreA Experiment On Stanford Prison Experiment984 Words   |  4 PagesStanford Prison Experiment was a study that was conducted to determine the psychology of imprisonment. It was a simulation experiment that was carried out at Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. This has been dubbed as the classical psychological experiment regarding prisoners and even explains the prisoner abuse that was meted to the poor Muslim prisoners at Abu Ghraib Prison in Cuba. The research questions were to know whether evil prevailed over humanity or whether humanity was suppressed byRead MoreThe Stanford Prison Experiment And Group Think858 Words   |  4 PagesDiscussion of â€Å"The Stanford Prison Experiment† and Group Think Group think is a phenomenon that occurs when group s need for consensus supersedes the judgment of individual group members. Group think often occurs when there is a time constraint and individuals put aside personal doubts so a project can move forward or when one member of the group dominates the decision-making process. In the article â€Å"The Stanford Prison Experiment†, the author Philip Zimbardo tells an experiment that ran by a professorRead MorePsychological Breakdown Of The Stanford Prison Experiment Essay1689 Words   |  7 Pagesin the training of its guards. They also concluded that the psychology breakdown in this confined and control experiment was crucial in understanding the human psyche and how it handles certain situations. PSYCHOLOGICAL BREAKDOWN IN THE STANFORD PRISON EXPERIMENT 3 The article on the Stanford Prison Experiment titled, A Study of Prisoners and Guards in a Simulated Prison and written by the Office of Naval Research, provides us with the overall information that deals with this controversialRead MoreSocial Psychology Experiment : The Stanford Prison Experiment967 Words   |  4 Pagessocial psychology experiment, The Stanford Prison Experiment, many have asked whether or not this experiment can really portray how imprisonment can effect an individual. While some say that this experiment is a great representation of the effects caused due to imprisonment, others argue that the experiment was not realistic enough to say it had real effects. Social psychologists Craig Haney and Philip Zimbardo, also the creators of the Stanford Prison Experiment, state that the experiment stimulated aRead MoreThe Tuskegee Syphilis Study And The Stanford Prison Experiment883 Words   |  4 Pagesessential in today’s research. These moral dilemmas created est ablished professional and federal standards for performing research with human and animal participants, known as, psychological ethical codes. The Tuskegee syphilis study and the Stanford prison experiment highlighted a psychological study without proper patients’ consent and appropriate treatment, resulting in a research disaster with unethical incidents. During the timespan of 1932 to 1972 in Tuskegee, Macon County, Alabama, 600 poor andRead MoreThe Stanford Prison Experiment: Philip Zimbardo Essay1482 Words   |  6 Pagesevents that happened to twenty four college males who participated in the Stanford Prison Experiment. This is just one example of many controversial psychological experiments. Certain psychological experiments suggest major controversy and their methods should be reconsidered. The example above took place in 1971. Philip Zimbardo, the head administrator of Stanford University in Palo Alto, California conducted this experiment with the help of some other professors at the university, and twenty fourRead MoreZimbardos Psychological Experiment and Fromms Correlation942 Words   |  4 PagesZimbardo’s Psychological Experiment and Fromm’s Correlation Over 4 decades ago, a Stanford psychology professor named Phillip G. Zimbardo administered an experiment that re-created a prison environment. The goal of the experiment was to simply study the process by which prisoners and guards â€Å"learn† to become compliant and authoritarian, respectively (Zimbardo 732). What would emerge from the â€Å"Stanford Prison Experiment† article were more than just compliance and authority. The experiment gave rise to theRead MoreReview Of Philp Zimbardo s Stanford Prison Experiment 1472 Words   |  6 Pages Stanford Prison Experiment Nicholas Burpee Psychology Sarah Gilliss December 4, 2015 The Stanford prison experiment was conducted by Philp Zimbardo and the objective of the experiment was to study the Psychological affects that the prison atmosphere has on both independent groups, the guards and prisoners of the Stanford prison experiment (6. Grievances. n.d.). The other objective of the experiment was see how labels affect both the prisoners and guards in either negative or positive

The Vampire Diaries The Awakening Chapter Ten Free Essays

string(137) " Matt said when I asked him to get Stefan to come to the dance: â€Å"You want everybody and everything revolving around Elena Gilbert\." October 7, about 8:00 a.m. Dear Diary, I’m writing this during trig class, and I just hope Ms. We will write a custom essay sample on The Vampire Diaries: The Awakening Chapter Ten or any similar topic only for you Order Now Halpern doesn’t see me. I didn’t have time to write last night, even though I wanted to. Yesterday was a crazy, mixed-up day, just like the night of the Homecoming Dance. Sitting here in school this morning I almost feel like everything that happened this weekend was a dream. The bad things were so bad, but the good things were so very, very good. I’m not going to press criminal charges against Tyler. He’s suspended from school, though, and off the football team. So’s Dick, for being drunk at the dance. Nobody is saying so, but I think a lot of people think he was responsible for what happened to Vickie. Bonnie’s sister saw Tyler at the clinic yesterday, and she said he had two black eyes and his whole face was purple. I can’t help worrying about what’s going to happen when he and Dick get back to school. They have more reason than ever to hate Stefan now. Which brings me to Stefan. When I woke up this morning I panicked, thinking, â€Å"What if it all isn’t true? What if it never happened, or if he’s changed his mind?† And Aunt Judith was worried at breakfast because I couldn’t eat again. But then when I got to school I saw him in the corridor by the office, and we just looked at each other. And I knew. Just before he turned away, he smiled, sort of wryly. And I understood that, too, and he was right, it was better not to go up to each other in a public hallway, not unless we want to give the secretaries a thrill. We are very definitely together. Now I just have to find a way to explain all this to Jean-Claude. Ha-ha. What I don’t understand is why Stefan isn’t as happy about it as I am. When we’re with each other I can feel how he feels, and I know how much he wants me, how much he cares. There’s an almost desperate hunger inside him when he kisses me, as if he wants to pull the soul out of my body. Like a black hole that. Still October 7, now about 2:00 p.m. Will, a little break there because Miss Halperncaught me. She even started to read what I’d written out loud, but then I think the subject matter steamed her glasses up and she stopped. She was Not Amused. I’m too happy to care about minor things like flunking trigonometry. Stefan and I had lunch together, or at least we went off into a corner of the field and sat down with my lunch. He didn’t even bother to bring anything, and of course as it turned out I couldn’t eat either. We didn’t touch each other much-we didn’t-but we talked and looked at each other a lot. I want to touch him. More than any boy I’ve ever known. And I know he wants it, too, but he’s holding back on me. That’s what I can’t understand, why he’s fighting this, why he’s holding back. Yesterday in his room I found proof positive that he’s been watching me from the beginning. You remember how I told you that on the second day of school Bonnie and Meredith and I were in the cemetery? Well, yesterday in Stefan’s room I found the apricot ribbon I was wearing that day. I remember it falling out of my hand while I was running, and he must have picked it up and kept it. I haven’t told him I know, becaus e he obviously wants to keep it a secret, but that shows, doesn’t it, that he cares about me? I’ll tell you someone else who is Not Amused. Caroline. Apparently she’s been dragging him off into the photography room for lunch every day, and when he didn’t show up today she went searching until she found us. Poor Stefan, he’d forgotten about her completely, and he was shocked at himself Once she left-a nasty unhealthy shade of green, I might add-he told me how she’d attached herself to him the first week of school. She said she’d noticed he didn’t really eat at lunch and she didn’t either since she was on a diet, and why didn’t they go someplace quiet and relax? He wouldn’t really say anything bad about her (which I think is his idea of manners again, a gentleman doesn’t do that), but he did say there was nothing at all between them. And for Caroline I think being forgotten was worse than if he’d thrown rocks at her. I wonder why Stefan hasn’t been eating lunch, though. It’s strange in a football player. Uh-oh. Mr. Tanner just walked by and I slammed my note pad over this diary just in time. Bonnie is snickering behind her history book, I can see her shoulders shaking. And Stefan, who’s in front of me, looks as tense as if he’s going to leap out of his chair any minute. Matt is giving me â€Å"you nut† looks and Caroline is glaring. I am being very, very innocent, writing with my eyes fixed on Tanner up front. So if this is a bit wobbly and messy, you’ll understand why. For the last month, I haven’t really been myself. I haven’t been able to think clearly or concentrate on anything but Stefan. There is so much I’ve left undone that I’m almost scared. I’m supposed to be in charge of decorations for the Haunted House and I haven’t done one thing about it yet Now I’ve got exactly three and a half weeks to get it organized-and I want to be with Stefan. I could quit the committee. But that would leave Bonnie and Meredith holding the bag. And I keep remembering what Matt said when I asked him to get Stefan to come to the dance: â€Å"You want everybody and everything revolving around Elena Gilbert. You read "The Vampire Diaries: The Awakening Chapter Ten" in category "Essay examples"† That isn’t true. Or at least, if it has been in the past, I’m not going to let it be true anymore. I want-oh, this is going to sound completely stupid, but I want to be worthy of Stefan. I know he wouldn’t let the guys on the team down just to suit his own convenience. I want him to be proud of me. I want him to love me as much as I love him. â€Å"Hurry up!† called Bonnie from the doorway of the gym. Beside her the high school janitor, Mr. Shelby, stood waiting. Elena cast one last glance at the distant figures on the football field, then reluctantly crossed the blacktop to join Bonnie. â€Å"I just wanted to tell Stefan where I was going,† she said. After a week of being with Stefan, she still felt a thrill of excitement just saying his name. Every night this week he’d come to her house, appearing at the door around sunset, hands in pockets, wearing his jacket with the collar turned up. They usually took a walk in the dusk, or sat on the porch, talking. Although nothing was said about it, Elena knew it was Stefan’s way of making sure they weren’t alone together in private. Since the night of the dance, he’d made sure of that. Protecting her honor, Elena thought wryly, and with a pang, because she knew in her heart that there was more to it than that. â€Å"He can live without you for one evening,† said Bonnie callously. â€Å"If you get talking to him you’ll never get away, and I’dlike to get home in time for some kind of dinner.† â€Å"Hello, Mr. Shelby,† said Elena to the janitor, who was still patiently waiting. To her surprise, he closed one eye in a solemn wink at her. â€Å"Where’s Meredith?† she added. â€Å"Here,† said a voice behind her, and Meredith appeared with a cardboard box of file folders and note pads in her arms. â€Å"I’ve got the stuff from your locker.† â€Å"Is that all of you?† said Mr. Shelby. â€Å"All right, now, you gals leave the door shut and locked, you hear? That way nobody can get in.† Bonnie, about to enter, pulled up short. â€Å"You’re sure there’s nobodyalready in?† she said warily. Elena gave her a push between the shoulder blades. â€Å"Hurry up,† she mimicked unkindly. â€Å"I want to get home in time for dinner.† â€Å"There’s nobody inside,† said Mr. Shelby, mouth twitching under his mustache. â€Å"But you gals yell if you want anything. I’ll be around.† The door slammed shut behind them with a curiously final sound. â€Å"Work,† said Meredith resignedly, and put the box on the floor. Elena nodded, looking up and down the big empty room. Every year the Student Council held a Haunted House as a fund-raiser. Elena had been on the decorating committee for the last two years, along with Bonnie and Meredith, but it was different being chairman. She had to make decisions that would affect everyone, and she couldn’t even rely on what had been done in years past. The Haunted House was usually set up in a lumberyard warehouse, but with the growing uneasiness about town it had been decided that the school gym was safer. For Elena, it meant rethinking the whole interior design, and with less than three weeks now until Halloween. â€Å"It’s actually pretty spooky here,† said Meredith quietly. And therewas something disturbing about being in the big closed room, Elena thought. She found herself lowering her voice. â€Å"Let’s measure it first,† she said. They moved down the room, their footsteps echoing hollowly. â€Å"All right,† said Elena when they had finished. â€Å"Let’s get to work.† She tried to shake off her feeling of uneasiness, telling herself that it was ridiculous to feel unsettled in the school gym, with Bonnie and Meredith beside her and an entire football team practicing not two hundred yards away. The three of them sat on the bleachers with pens and notebooks in hand. Elena and Meredith consulted the design sketches for previous years while Bonnie bit her pen and gazed around thoughtfully. â€Å"Well, here’s the gym,† said Meredith, making a quick sketch in her notebook. â€Å"And here’s where the people are going to have to come in. Now we could have the Bloody Corpse at the very end†¦ By the way, who’s going to be the Bloody Corpse this year?† â€Å"Coach Lyman, I think. He did a good job last year, and he helps keep the football guys in line.† Elena pointed to their sketch. â€Å"Okay, we’ll partition this off and make it the Medieval Torture Chamber. They’ll go straight out of that and into the Room of the Living Dead†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I think we should have druids,† said Bonnie abruptly. â€Å"Have what?† said Elena, and then, as Bonnie started to yell â€Å"droo-ids,† she waved a quelling hand. â€Å"All right, all right, I remember. But why?† â€Å"Because they’re the ones who invented Halloween. Really. It started out as one of their holy days, when they would build fires and put out turnips with faces carved in them to keep evil spirits away. They believed it was the day when the line between the living and the dead was thinnest. And they were scary, Elena. They performed human sacrifices. We could sacrifice Coach Lyman.† â€Å"Actually, that’s not a bad idea,† said Meredith. â€Å"The Bloody Corpse could be a sacrifice. You know, on a stone altar, with a knife and pools of blood all around. And then when you get really close, he suddenly sits up.† â€Å"And gives you heart failure,† said Elena, but she had to admit itwas a good idea, definitely scary. It made her feel a little sick just thinking about it. All that blood†¦ but it was only Karo syrup, really. The other girls had gone quiet, too. From the boys’ locker next door, they could hear the sound of water running and lockers banging, and over that indistinct voices shouting. â€Å"Practice is over,† murmured Bonnie. â€Å"It must be dark outside.† â€Å"Yes, and Our Hero is getting all washed up,† said Meredith, cocking an eyebrow at Elena. â€Å"Want to peek?† â€Å"I wish,† said Elena, only half jokingly. Somehow, indefinably, the atmosphere in the room had darkened. Just at the moment shedid wish she could see Stefan, could be with him. â€Å"Have you heard anything more about Vickie Bennett?† she asked suddenly. â€Å"Well,† said Bonnie after a moment, â€Å"I did hear that her parents were getting her a psychiatrist.† â€Å"A shrink? Why?† â€Å"Well†¦ I guess they think that those things she told us were hallucinations or something. And I heard her nightmares are pretty bad.† â€Å"Oh,† said Elena. The sounds from the boys’ locker room were fading, and they heard an outside door slam. Hallucinations, she thought, hallucinations and nightmares. For some reason, she suddenly remembered that night in the graveyard, that night when Bonnie had sent them all running from something none of them could see. â€Å"We’d better get back to business,† said Meredith. Elena shook herself out of her reverie and nodded. â€Å"We†¦ we could have a graveyard,† Bonnie said tentatively, as if she’d been reading Elena’s thoughts. â€Å"In the Haunted House, I mean.† â€Å"No,† said Elena sharply. â€Å"No, we’ll just stick with what we have,† she added in a calmer voice, and bent over her pad again. Once again there was no sound but the soft scratching of pens and the rustle of paper. â€Å"Good,† said Elena at last. â€Å"Now we only need to measure for the different partitions. Somebody’s going to have to get in behind the bleachers†¦ What now?† The lights in the gym had flickered and gone down to half power. â€Å"Oh,no ,† said Meredith, exasperated. The lights flickered again, went out, and returned dimly once more. â€Å"I can’t read a thing,† said Elena, staring at what now seemed to be a featureless piece of white paper. She looked up at Bonnie and Meredith and saw two white blobs of faces. â€Å"Something must be wrong with the emergency generator,† said Meredith. â€Å"I’ll get Mr. Shelby.† â€Å"Can’t we just finish tomorrow?† Bonnie said plaintively. â€Å"Tomorrow’s Saturday,† said Elena. â€Å"And we were supposed to have this done last week.† â€Å"I’ll get Shelby,† said Meredith again. â€Å"Come on, Bonnie, you’re going with me.† Elena began, â€Å"We could all go-† but Meredith interrupted. â€Å"If we all go and we can’t find him, then we can’t get back in. Come on, Bonnie, it’s only inside the school.† â€Å"But it’sdark there.† â€Å"It’s dark everywhere; it’s nighttime. Comeon; with two of us it’ll be safe.† She dragged an unwilling Bonnie to the door. â€Å"Elena, don’t let anybody else in.† â€Å"As if you had to tell me,† said Elena, letting them out and then watching them go a few paces down the hall. At the point at which they began to merge with the dimness, she stepped back inside and shut the door. Well, this was a fine mess, as her mother used to say. Elena moved over to the cardboard box Meredith had brought and began stacking filing folders and notebooks back inside it. In this light she could see them only as vague shapes. There was no sound at all but her own breathing and the sounds she made. She was alone in the huge, dim room- Someone was watching her. She didn’t know how she knew, but she was sure. Someone was behind her in the dark gymnasium, watching.Eyes in the dark , the old man had said. Vickie had said it, too. And now there were eyes on her. She whirled quickly to face the room, straining her own eyes to see into the shadows, trying not even to breathe. She was terrified that if she made a sound the thing out there would get her. But she could see nothing, hear nothing. The bleachers were dim, menacing shapes stretching out into nothingness. And the far end of the room was simply a featureless gray fog. Dark mist, she thought, and she could feel every muscle agonizingly tense as she listened desperately. Oh God, what was that soft whispering sound? It must be her imagination†¦ Please let it be her imagination. Suddenly, her mind was clear. She had to get out of this place,now . There was real danger here, not just fantasy. Something was out there, something evil, something that wanted her. And she was all alone. Something moved in the shadows. Her scream froze in her throat. Her muscles were frozen, too, held motionless by her terror-and by some nameless force. Helplessly, she watched as the shape in the darkness moved out of the shadows and toward her. It seemed almost as if the darkness itself had come to life and was coalescing as she watched, taking on form-human form, the form of a young man. â€Å"I’m sorry if I frightened you.† The voice was pleasant, with a slight accent she couldn’t place. It didn’t sound sorry at all. Relief was so sudden and complete that it was painful. She slumped and heard her own breath sigh out. It was only a guy, some former student or an assistant of Mr. Shelby’s. An ordinary guy, who was smiling faintly, as if it had amused him to see her almost pass out. Well†¦ perhaps not quite ordinary. He was remarkably good-looking. His face was pale in the artificial twilight, but she could see that his features were cleanly defined and nearly perfect under a shock of dark hair. Those cheekbones were a sculptor’s dream. And he’d been almost invisible because he was wearing black: soft black boots, black jeans, black sweater, and leather jacket. He was still smiling faintly. Elena’s relief turned to anger. â€Å"How did you get in?† she demanded. â€Å"And what are you doing here? Nobody else is supposed to be in the gym.† â€Å"I came in the door,† he said. His voice was soft, cultured, but she could still hear the amusement and she found it disconcerting. â€Å"All the doors are locked,† she said flatly, accusingly. He raised his eyebrows and smiled. â€Å"Are they?† Elena felt another quiver of fear, hairs lifting on the back of her neck. â€Å"They were supposed to be,† she said in the coldest voice she could manage. â€Å"You’re angry,† he said gravely. â€Å"I said I was sorry to frighten you.† â€Å"I wasn’t frightened!† she snapped. She felt foolish in front of him somehow, like a child being humored by someone much older and more knowledgeable. It made her even angrier. â€Å"I was just startled,† she continued. â€Å"Which is hardly surprising, what with you lurking in the dark like that.† â€Å"Interesting things happen in the dark†¦ sometimes.† He was still laughing at her; she could tell by his eyes. He had taken a step closer, and she could see that those eyes were unusual, almost black, but with odd lights in them. As if you could look deeper and deeper until you fell into them, and went on falling forever. She realized she was staring. Why didn’t the lights come on? She wanted to get out of here. She moved away, putting the end of a bleacher between them, and stacked the last folders into the box. Forget the rest of the work for tonight. All she wanted to do now was leave. But the continuing silence made her uneasy. He was just standing there, unmoving, watching her. Why didn’t he say something? â€Å"Did you come looking for somebody?† She was annoyed with herself for being the one to speak. He was still gazing at her, those dark eyes fixed on her in a way that made her more and more uncomfortable. She swallowed. With his eyes on her lips, he murmured, â€Å"Oh, yes.† â€Å"What?† She’d forgotten what she’d asked. Her cheeks and throat were flushing, burning with blood. She felt so light-headed. If only he’d stoplooking at her†¦ â€Å"Yes, I came here looking for someone,† he repeated, no louder than before. Then, in one step he moved toward her, so that they were separated only by the corner of one bleacher seat. Elena couldn’t breathe. He was standing so close. Close enough to touch. She could smell a faint hint of cologne and the leather of his jacket. And his eyes still held hers-she could not look away from them. They were like no eyes she had ever seen, black as midnight, the pupils dilated like a cat’s. They filled her vision as he leaned toward her, bending his head down to hers. She felt her own eyes half close, losing focus. She felt her head tilt back, her lips part. No! Just in time she whipped her head to the side. She felt as if she’d just pulled herself back from the edge of a precipice. What am I doing? she thought in shock. I was about to let him kiss me. A total stranger, someone I met only a few minutes ago. But that wasn’t the worst thing. For those few minutes, something unbelievable had happened. For those few minutes, she had forgotten Stefan. But now his image filled her mind, and the longing for him was like a physical pain in her body. She wanted Stefan, wanted his arms around her, wanted to be safe with him. She swallowed. Her nostrils flared as she breathed hard. She tried to keep her voice steady and dignified. â€Å"I’m going to leave now,† she said. â€Å"If you’re looking for somebody, I think you’d better look somewhere else.† He was looking at her oddly, with an expression she couldn’t understand. It was a mixture of annoyance and grudging respect-and something else. Something hot and fierce that frightened her in a different way. He waited until her hand was on the doorknob to answer, and his voice was soft but serious, with no trace of amusement. â€Å"Perhaps I’ve already found her†¦ Elena.† When she turned, she could see nothing in the darkness. How to cite The Vampire Diaries: The Awakening Chapter Ten, Essay examples

Metallic Hydrogen Essay Example For Students

Metallic Hydrogen Essay Hydrogen:the most abundant element in the universe. Normally it has been considered to remain anon-metal at any range of temperatures andpressures. That is, until now. Recently this year,hydrogen was changed into a metallic substance,which could conduct electricity. An experimentconducted by William J. Nellis et al. at theLawrence Livermore National Laboratoryaccomplished this feat. Hydrogen was convertedfrom a non-metallic liquid, into a liquid metal. Thelikelihood that the most abundant element in theuniverse could be converted into metallic form atsufficient pressures was first theorized in 19351,but tangible evidence has eluded scientists in theintervening decades. Metallization of hydrogenhas been the elusive Holy Grail in high-pressurephysics for many years, said Bill Nellis, one ofthree Livermore researchers involved in theproject. This is a significant contribution tocondensed matter physics because a pressure andtemperature that actually produce metallizationhave finally been discovered.2 Livermoreresearchers Sam Weir, Art Mi tchell, and BillNellis used a two-stage gas gun at Livermore tocreate enormous shock pressure on a targetcontaining liquid hydrogen cooled to 200 K (-4200 F). Sam Weir, Arthur Mitchell (a Labassociate), and Bill Nellis published the results oftheir experiments in the March 11 issue of PhysicalReview Letters under the title Metallization ofFluid Molecular Hydrogen at 140 GPa (1.4Mbar). When asked about the significance of thework, Nellis had this to say: Hydrogen makes up90 percent of the universe. Jupiter is 90 percenthydrogen and contains most of the mass in ourplanetary system. Hydrogen is very important to alot of work done at the Lab. Hydrogen in the formof deuterium and tritium isotopes is the fuel inlaser-fusion targets and how it behaves at hightemperatures and pressures is very important toNova and the National Ignition Facility.3 Bymeasuring the electrical conductivity, they foundthat metallization occurs at pressure equivalent to1.4 million times Earths atmospheric pressur e,nine times the initial density of hydrogen, and at atemperature of 30000 K (50000 F). Because ofthe high temperature, the hydrogen was a liquid. The intense pressure lasted less than amicrosecond. Optical evidence of a new phase ofhydrogen has been previously reported using anexperimental approach that involves crushingmicroscopic-sized samples of crystalline hydrogenbetween diamond anvils.4 However, metalliccharacter has not been established. Metalliccharacter is most directly established by electricalconductivity measurements which are not yetpossible in diamond anvil cells at these pressures. The Livermore teams results were surprisingbecause of their methods, the form of hydrogenused and the pressure needed to achieve the result(which was much lower than previously believed). Virtually all predictions surrounding metallichydrogen have been made for solid hydrogen atlow temperatures (around absolute zero). TheLivermore team tried a different approach. Theylooked at hydrogen in liquid form at relatively hightemperature, for which no predictions have beenmade. Some of the theorists who proposed theexistence of metallic hydrogen also believed thesubstance would remain metallic after theenormous pressures required to produce it wereremoved, and that it might also be asuperconducter.5 Additionally, solid metallichydrogen is predicted to contain a large amount ofenergy that might be released quickly as anexplosive or relatively slowly as a lightweightrocket fuel. Metallic hydrogens light weight mightalso have implications for material science. Themetallization events at Livermore occurred forsuch a brief period of time, and in such a manner,that questions about its superconducting propertiesand retention of metallic form following pressureremoval could not be an swered. The potentialuses of metallic hydrogen are fascinating tocontemplate, but they are far down the road, andweve only reached the first mile post on thatroad, said Nellis.6 Future experiments will beaimed at learning more about the dependence ofmetallization pressure on temperatures achieved inliquid hydrogen. This understanding is vital forLaboratory applications, according to Nellis, aswell as furthering collective knowledge about theinteriors of giant planets, such as Jupiter and thoserecently discovered around nearby stars.7Because hydrogen is the lightest and simplest offall elements and composes about 90% of theatoms in the visible universe, scientists have abroad spectrum of interest in its properties andphases. In the case of astrophysics, metallichydrogen is thought to exist in the interior ofJupiter and Saturn. Its presence in large planetsboth within and outside our solar system has asignificant effect on their behavior. Laser fusion,which uses isotopes of hydrogen a s targets,exerting enormous pressure on them with laserbeams, may also be influenced by research onmetallic hydrogen. A better understanding of thetemperature/pressure relationship in hydrogencould lead to higher fusion energy yields. Theexperiments at Livermore were accomplished witha two-stage gas gun. In the first stage, gunpowderis used to drive a piston down the pump tube,compressing hydrogen gas ahead of it. Squeezedto sufficient pressure, the hydrogen breaks arupture valve and accelerates a projectile downthe second stage barrel at velocities up to 7km/s(16,000 mph). The projectile generates a strongshock-wave on impact with an aluminum samplecontainer, which is cooled to 20 degrees Kelvin(-4200 F). Entering the liquid hydrogen, the shockpressure first drops, then reverberates many timesbetween parallel sapphire anvils until the finalpressure, density and temperature are reached. .u8192b135b0bbe04aa2bf87a64f4c5ed3 , .u8192b135b0bbe04aa2bf87a64f4c5ed3 .postImageUrl , .u8192b135b0bbe04aa2bf87a64f4c5ed3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8192b135b0bbe04aa2bf87a64f4c5ed3 , .u8192b135b0bbe04aa2bf87a64f4c5ed3:hover , .u8192b135b0bbe04aa2bf87a64f4c5ed3:visited , .u8192b135b0bbe04aa2bf87a64f4c5ed3:active { border:0!important; } .u8192b135b0bbe04aa2bf87a64f4c5ed3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8192b135b0bbe04aa2bf87a64f4c5ed3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8192b135b0bbe04aa2bf87a64f4c5ed3:active , .u8192b135b0bbe04aa2bf87a64f4c5ed3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8192b135b0bbe04aa2bf87a64f4c5ed3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8192b135b0bbe04aa2bf87a64f4c5ed3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8192b135b0bbe04aa2bf87a64f4c5ed3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8192b135b0bbe04aa2bf87a64f4c5ed3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8192b135b0bbe04aa2bf87a64f4c5ed3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8192b135b0bbe04aa2bf87a64f4c5ed3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8192b135b0bbe04aa2bf87a64f4c5ed3 .u8192b135b0bbe04aa2bf87a64f4c5ed3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8192b135b0bbe04aa2bf87a64f4c5ed3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Chivalry in sir gawain and the green knight EssayThis reverberation produces 1/10 the temperaturethat would be created by a single shock to thesame pressure. The temperatures achieved keephydrogen in the form of molecules, rather thanletting molecules break into atoms. Because theexperiments were done at higher temperaturesthan originally predicted, the results suggest thatthe metallization pressure of hydrogen istemperature- dependent. A trigger pin in the targetproduces an electrical signal when it is struck bythe initial shock wave; this signal is used to turn onthe data recording system at the proper moment. The electrical conductivity of the hydrogen shockis then measured to determine if metallization hasoccurred. The Livermore team credited thenational laboratorys unique multidisciplinarycapabilities for making possible their success. Alot of technology was brought to bear on theexperiment, said Weir. We couldnt have done itwithout the cryogenic and computational capabilitythat exists along with the gas gun only atLivermore.8 With more extensive research, thefull potential of metallic hydrogen can be reached. The development of a metallic hydrogen is only inits primary stages. This metal can have severalimportant properties which would make it avaluable asset. Its formation was something thatmany scientistists believed they would never see intheir lifetimes. After many failed attempts, it hasfinally been achieved. But as Bill Nellis has said,Liquid metallic hydrogen turns out to be a ratherordinary metal.9 1 Coontz, Robert J. Out OfThin Air, The Sciences v. 36 (July/August 1996),p12. 2 Lipkin, Richard. The Lightest Metal in theUniverse, Science News v. 149 (April 20 1996),p250. 3 Johnston, Don. Lab Team Hits SuccessWith Metallized Hydrogen, Science v. 271(March 22 1996), p1624. 4 Coontz, Robert J. Out Of Thin Air, The Sciences v. 36(July/August 1996), p12. 5 Hensel, Friedrich andEdwards, Peter. Hydrogen: The First MetallicElement, Science v. 271 (March 22 1996),p1692. 6 Nellis, W. et al. Neutralization andElectrical Conductivity of Hydrogen, Science v. 273 (August 16 1996), p937. 7 Nellis, W. et al. Neutralization and Electrical Conductivity ofHydrogen, Science v. 273 (August 16 1996),p937. 8 Hemley, Russell and Ashcroft, Neil. Shocking States of Matter, Nature v. 380 (April25 1996), p671. 9 Geller, M.J. Just Gas,Discover v. 17 (October 1996), p21. Bibliography Coontz, Robert J. Out Of Thin Air,The Sciences v. 36 (July/August 1996), p11-12. Geller, M.J. Just Gas, Discover v. 17 (October1996), p20-21. Hemley, Russell and Ashcroft,Neil. Shocking States of Matter, Nature v. 380(April 25 1996), p671- 672. Hensel, Friedrichand Edwards, Peter. Hydrogen: The FirstMetallic Element, Science v. 271 (March 221996), p1692. Johnston, Don. Lab Team HitsSuccess With Metallized Hydrogen, Science v. 271 (March 22 1996), p1624-1625. Lipkin,Richard. The Lightest Metal in the Universe,Science News v. 149 (April 20 1996), p250-251. Nellis, W. et al. Neutralization and ElectricalConductivity of Hydrogen, Science v. 273(August 16 1996), p937-940. Rao, C. N. andEdwards, Peter. Livermores Big Guns ProduceLiquid Metallic Hydrogen, Physics Today v. 49(May 1996), p17-18. Science

Notes for Dantes Works

Production and Operation in Manufacturing

Production and Operation in Manufacturing Free Online Research Papers Quality Customers that are businesses will define quality very clearly using specifications, standards, and other measures. This makes the point that quality can be defined and measured. Although few consumers could define quality if asked, all know it when they see it. This makes the critical point that quality is in the eye of the beholder. With the total quality approach, customers ultimately define quality. (Derek L. Waller. 2002) People deal with the issue of quality continually in their daily lives. We concern ourselves with quality when grocery shopping, eating in a restaurant, and making a major purchase such as an automobile, a television, or a personal computer. Perceived quality is a major factor by which people make distinctions in the marketplace. Whether we articulate them openly or keep them in the back of our minds, we all apply a number of criteria when making a purchase. The extent to which a purchase meets these criteria determines its quality in our eyes. One way to understand quality as a consumer-driven concept is to consider the example of eating at a restaurant. Most people apply such criteria as the following: ? Taste ? Response time ? Food preparation ? Service ? Environment ? Price ? Selection Personally the way driven me to choose the restaurant is the taste, other factors will be the environment, food preparation and service. Because we go to the restaurant for lunch or dinner, want to have a nice time and happy mood with it. I think taste is the most important factor, if the taste is wonderful customers will continue visit this restaurant even introduce their friends to come. Otherwise they will lose their customers. On the other hand, the environment, response time, food preparation, price and selection all are also very important for a restaurant. A good restaurant is good for everything, the food is fresh and won’t let customers wait so long for their food. And their staff service also very good, for example the customer don’t have enough drink in their cup then the staff will top up their cup. Another example is the customer order something not sell in this restaurant but the customer don’t know, the staff worker still go somewhere and b uy the thing order by the customer. Try their best to satisfy the customers demand then I can make sure the customer will visit the restaurant again, because customer happy with the restaurant, happy with the staff and happy with the service of this restaurant. Quality Management Quality management is a method for ensuring that all the activities necessary to design, develop and implement a product or service are effective and efficient with respect to the system and its performance. (www.wikipedia.com) Quality Standards The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) created the Quality Management System (QMS) standards in 1987. These were the ISO 9000: 1987 series of standards comprising ISO 9001: 1987, ISO 9002: 1987 and ISO 9003: 1987; which were applicable in different types of industries, based on the type of activity: designing, production or service delivery. The standards have been regularly reviewed every few years by the International Organization for Standardization. The version in 1994 and was called the ISO 9000: 1994 series; comprising of the ISO 9001: 1994, 9002: 1994 and 9003: 1994 versions. The last revision was in the year 2000 and the series was call ISO 9000: 2000 series. However the ISO 9002 and 9003 standards were integrated and one single certifiable standard was created under ISO 9001: 2000. Since December 2003, ISO 9002 and 9003 standards are not valid, and the organizations previously holding these standards need to do a transition from the old to the new sta ndards. The ISO 9004: 2000 document gives guidelines for performance improvement over and above the basic standard. The Quality Management System standards created by ISO are meant to certify the processes and the system of an organization and not the product or service itself. ISO 9000 standards do not certify the quality of the product or service. Recently the International Organization released a new standard, ISO 2000, meant for the food industry. This standard covers the values and principles of ISO 9000 and the HACCP standards. It gives one single integrated standard for the food industry and is expected to become more popular in the coming years in such industry. The most elaborated and accepted concept of quality management is the model of the EFQM Excellence Model. (www.wikipedia.com) Now I’m gonna introduce a Dumpling Restaurant called Ding Tai Feng, this company got their own restaurant and service. They produce the dumpling by them-self and provide service by them-self as well. No matter how good the Ding Tai Feng’s manager manage his restaurant, but they still got some problems can not avoid. Such problems from two ways: one way is manufacturing environment, other way is service environment. For this dumpling restaurant which name is Ding Tai Feng I’ll use the following five quality tools to describe the problems that Ding Tai Feng face. For Manufacturing Environment I’ll use: ? Pareto Chart ? Histogram ? Check Sheet For Service Environment I’ll use: ? Scatter Diagram ? Run Chart Pareto analysis A Pareto analysis, named after Vilfredo Pareto a 19th-century Italian economist, is a graphical representation showing the frequency of the causes of a problem. (Operations Management) people use pareto charts can help them to focus attention on those categories of variables that occur most frequently, and to weight the factors being considered to enable priorities for action on those items that most need attention. Manufacturing This is shown in Figure 1. Dumpling meat filling is the major problem, which may be directly related to customers. Reasons for People don’t like the dumpling Number of Customers Percentage % Meat Filling 57 51.82 Vegetable 22 20.00 Dough 18 16.36 Source 9 8.18 Soup 4 3.64 Total 110 Figure 1 From Figure 1 which quality tool named Pareto Chart we can see the Meat Filling is the biggest problem that people don’t like the dumpling from Ding Tai Feng which the percentage is 51.82. So Ding Tai Feng has to pay attention on this area and ask for the reason why the customers don’t like the meat filling and improve it. Otherwise this dumpling restaurant will shut down soon. From this chart we can see all the factors very clearly and easy to pay attention on the most important factors. Meat filling is the biggest problem, other factors are vegetable, dough, source and soup and the percentage for them are 20%, 16.36%, 8.18% and 3.64%. Histogram In statistics, a histogram is a graphical display of tabulated frequencies. A histogram is the graphical version of a table that shows what proportion of cases fall into each of several or many specified categories. The histogram differs from a bar chart in that it is the area of the bar that denotes the value, not the height, a crucial distinction when the categories are not uniform width. The categories are usually specified as non-overlapping intervals of some variable. The categories must be adjacent. (www.wikipedia.com) Understanding a few basic facts is fundamental to the use of statistical techniques for quality and process applications. All processes are subject to variability, or variation by histogram. There are many examples of this. But I want to use the graph about the Ding Tai Feng selling the dumpling in different weight range of meat filling. Under the Ding Tai Feng’s manager don’t know the market before so he tests the market start by 21~30g weight meat filling inside the dumping so they found they sold 10 dumplings per day. After the first step they continue test the market and each time add 10 more G than last test. Every time they add more meat filling inside of the dumpling and the dumpling they sold were more and more than last time. Till the weight of meat filling is 41~50g they sold 98 dumplings per day. On the other hand this is the best selling till now. After this range which is 41~50g the selling will be drawn. Then Ding Tai Feng’s manager will know the weight of meat filling around 41~50g was the best selling of dumplings. So they will consider this range of weight and produce the dumpling that can make the Max profit. From the graph Figure 2 we also can see very clearly when the range is 41~50 the podetium is the highest one. When this restaurant start test the market from the first day is the lowest just put 21~30 meat filling so the customers don’t like it then the selling number of the dumpling is less. The flatter and wider the frequency distribution curve, the greater the process variability. The taller and narrower the curve, the less the process variability. Even though the variability may change from process to process, it would be helpful to have a common means of measuring, discussing, or understanding variability. Fortunately Ding Tai Feng do. To express the process’s variability we need to know only two things, both of which can be derived from the process’s own distribution data: standard deviation and mean. Standard deviation is represented by the lowercase Greek letter sigma (?) and indicates a deviation from the average, or mean, value of the dumplings in the data set. The mean is represented by the Greek letter mu (?). In a normal histogram, ? is seen as a vertical line from the peak of the bell curve to the base, and it is the ling from which deviation is measured, minus to the left of ? and plus to the right. Standard deviation (?) is normally plotted at -2?,-1? (left of ?), and +1?, +2? to the right (refer to Figure 3). Because mean and standard deviation are always derived from data from the process in question, standard deviation has a constant meaning from process to process. Check Sheet The check sheet is a simple document that is used for collecting data in real-time and at the location where the data is generated. The document is typically a black form that is designed for the quick, easy, and efficient recording of the desired information, which can be either quantitative or qualitative. When the information is quantitative, the check sheet is sometimes called a tally sheet. A defining characteristic of a check sheet is that data is recorded by making marks on it. A typical check sheet is divided into regions, and marks made in different regions have different significance. Data is read by observing the location and number of marks on the sheet. (www.wikipedia.com) Figure 4 From figure 4 we can easy to see the problem of Ding Tai Feng got. Depend on the customer’s feedback about the dumpling from Monday to Sunday. Everyday got the same problem and same feedback but the times are different. Meat filling smelly, vegetable not fresh, dough too thick source too sweet and worm inside soup are the major problem feedback made by customers. We can see on Monday they got a lot of problem especially the meat filling smelly and dough too thick, maybe the stuff are lazy to work or something like that. But on Friday they got fewer problems, seem like near the weekend all people working very hard. Scatter Diagram The scatter diagram is used to determine the correlation between two characteristic. Suppose you have an idea that there is a relationship between dumpling sold and the percentage of delivery per day. Percentage of delivery per day on the y-axis and number of dumpling sold per day on the x-axis; percentage of delivery per day and number of dumpling sold per day are the two characteristics. Examination of the scatter diagram of Figure 5 shows that the aggregate of data points contains a slope up and to the right. This is correlation, and it supports the thesis that many people like to eat the Ding Tai Feng’s dumpling. But they all lazy to go out so would like use to use the phone call and order the dumpling which is delivery. But figure 5 is a collection of scatter diagrams illustrating strong positive collection. Figure 5 Run Chart A run chart is a graph that displays observed data in a time sequence. Often, the data displayed represent some aspect of the out put or performance of a manufacturing or other business process. (www.wikipedia.com) For example this run chart is talking about the quantity demand of dumpling from Monday to Sunday. Time is generally represented on the horizontal (x) axis and the property under observation on the vertical (y) axis. Often, some measure of central tendency of the data is indicated by a horizontal reference line. We can see very clearly from Monday to Thursday the curve is going up day by day. On the other hand is the quantity demand of dumpling is getting higher. Seem from Friday to Saturday the line is dropping down maybe the customers want to change the food to eat. After Saturday the curve going up again. We use run chart can help us easy to get information about the quantity demand of customers and the Ding Tai Feng’s manager can produce the dumpling to satisfy the customers. In conclusion I was done the five quality tools in Ding Tai Feng the manufacturing dumpling which are: Pareto Chart, Histogram and Check Sheet for manufacturing environment. Scatter Diagram and Run Chart for service environment. The company use these five quality tools can see the problems easier; can help them find the way to fix the problem faster. References: ? David L. Goetsch Stanley B. Davis. (2006). Quality Management, Upper Saddke River, New Jersey 07458. ? Derek L. Waller. (2002). Operations Management, Second Edition, USA: Thomson ? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_management ? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histogram ? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Check_sheet ? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run_chart Research Papers on Production and Operation in ManufacturingBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Project Managment Office SystemMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalDefinition of Export QuotasNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceOpen Architechture a white paperAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)

You can choose any country but I recommend (Italy) Essay

You can choose any country but I recommend (Italy) - Essay Example Even though Europe claims to be having united identity the differences between neighboring countries can be much larger than countries across continents. Italy is diverse culturally, economically and politically (TDS 2012). The culture, administrative, geographic and economy (CAGE) distance framework helps the mangers to identify and assess the impact of distance on different industries. Cultural distance can impact trade (Ghemawat 2004) and language plays an important role. Italy’s language is unique and even though it is a part of Europe Union, English is not the predominant language in Italy. Italy is homogenous linguistically (TDS 2012). According to Ghemawat trade between countries that share a common language is much higher than between countries without a common language. Italy maintains political or administrative distance as it focuses on protecting its domestic industries. The government thereby does not encourage foreign direct investment (FDI) due to which cross-border competition is also limited. Competition leads to innovation and creativity but this remains unexplored in Italy. Divided into several regions, Italy has introduced some decentralization to the government machinery but the regional governments still seek additional powers. However, frequent government turnovers have left the political condition quite unstable in Italy. International trade has been impacted due to extensive corruption, massive government debts, and organized crime. The country has been besieged with political scandals. Because of poor government policies and institutional weakness, government involvement tends to be high in sectors such as electricity, farming and telecommunications (Ghemawat 2004). Because of the government policies in Italy cross-border competiti on is low which hinders growth and development. Geographically, however, Italy is well positioned as it has a huge coastline and is bounded by countries such as France,

Lysistrata by Aristophanes Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Lysistrata by Aristophanes - Movie Review Example Protesting war was just as risky for Lysistrata as it is for many today. She chose to do it defiantly, courageously and in a very public way. Protestors today may not share the same immediate threats as Lysistrata, but the dangers are still there. Lysistrata is such a compelling figure of strength and determination that even a Greek guy wearing a mask could evoke the emotion Aristophanes infused in this character. Of course, modern sensibilities prefer that a strong, intelligent and probably beautiful actor be used to bring this character to life. This is the way of Hollywood, after all. But from the standpoint of acting and emotion, the real character of Lysistrata lies in the writing of Aristophanes. The medium used to bring this character to life is almost irrelevant. The story is so compelling and tragic, yet triumphant, that modern or ancient audiences would find much to enjoy and ponder in any staging of this

Gas Turbine Engine Basics Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Gas Turbine Engine Basics - Coursework Example According to relevant sources, a turboprop engine is a turbine that drives a propeller via a reduction gear as shown in the above diagram (NASA 4). As such, the exhaust gases drive the power shaft, which in turn drives the reduction gear assembly through a shaft as shown (Husain 98; Sickle 205). The reduction gearing is essential because optimum propeller performances in these engine designs are reached at slower speeds than the engines’ operating revolution per minute. At slow airspeeds, these engine designs are fuel efficient and operate effectively (FOPPGS 1). Turbofan engines were developed to incorporate some of the best features that exist in the already mentioned engines (FOPPGS 1). For example, these engines have been designed to generate additional thrust by directing a secondary airflow around the combustion chamber (NASA 4). Additionally, the bypass helps in cooling the engine, as well as helps in reducing exhaust noises. â€Å"In a turbofan engine, therefore, the bypass ratio refers to the ratio of the mass airflow passing through the fan divided by the mass airflow passing through the engine core† (FOPPGS 2). However, part of the inlet airflow is not directed toward the compressor, combustor, and turbine, but is rather bypassed through a duct, which ends in a nozzle. Since air leaves the nozzle at a speed that is higher than the intake velocity, thrust is produced by momentum exchange with the airframe. During the intake phase, the pressure, temperature and volume of the gases remain constant. The compressor is an arrangement of blades on a rotating disk, whose main function is to force air to flow into the engine as it reduces its volume and increases its pressure. Torque is required to change the momentum of the working fluid, forcing it to follow the curved surface of the blades. The work required to drive the compressor comes from the engine itself, by means of a shaft connecting the compressor and the turbine.

Gatekeeping in Politics: Enoch Powell

Gatekeeping in Politics: Enoch Powell British Political Communication: Enoch Powell’s Inflammatory Gatekeeping In July 1855 a four vessel fleet of the British Royal Navy attacked Russian batteries in the Baltic Sea (Schroeder 1972). The conflict, a part of the Crimean War, pitted 200 foot long wooden ships with 20 cannon gun decks against castle-like fortifications in a war of empires led by kings. One hundred years later the world was locked in an international debate over economic ideals; so called right-leaning free market capitalism versus left-leaning socialism. In this conflict the empires wielded nuclear missiles capable of flying hundreds of miles to kill hundreds of thousands of civilians. In that short period many parts of the world experienced an industrialization of society. Crowd-sourcing of labor, technological advances in materials and mechanization, and the liberalization of finance produced a very quick shift in the lives of the common person. Prior to the Industrial Revolution of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries generations of the same family could live very similar l ifestyles. As the 20th century advanced children were experiencing radically different social and economic forces than their parents. As populations rose and cities grew different parts of society organized and formed representative elements for their special interests.The intentions of the group became sources of power as institutions grew and monetized those intentions. One of the primary tools used by those institutions, even in their early beginnings, became a funneling of information known as â€Å"gatekeeping.† First termed by Lewin (1943), gatekeeping refers to the process of filtering information by focusing on one small percentage of the information in order to steer public opinion. His analysis of gatekeeping focused on information as a channel of communication that was affected by bottlenecking gates. At these gates specific parts of the channel would be choked and only a small percentage of the information would be able to pass through. Lewin (1943) highlighted the power inherent in controlling those gates. His model for this approach to communication theory was rather small; the dietary control a mother or a father has over a family’s dinner menu (Lewin 1943). The scalability, however, applies to broad social structures. Every member of a social structure is affected by some sort of information channel. That information influences an individual’s preferences, decisions, thoughts, and actions. Control over the specific pieces of that information, then, correlates to a fo rm of power over the preferences, decisions, thoughts, and actions of individuals within the social structure. Gatekeeping as it applies to communication theory has largely referred to mass media sources, a common player in information management. Shoemaker, Eichholz, Eunyi, and Wrigley (2001) define gatekeeping as a process that culls down billions of messages into the hundreds of messages that make it to an individual. It is, thus, an organizational mechanism and seemingly inevitable. Soroka (2012) showed why gatekeeping is inevitable by listing the primary reasons this phenomenon exists: organizational level factors, story level factors, and industry or professional factors. A major news outlet can act as an example to explain these factors. At the organizational level there will be administrative personnel with specific motivations, procedural constraints that are defined by the over-arching mission of the organization, and of course cost and time constraints (Soroka 2012). At the story level, factors like geographic proximity to the story, visual features of the story, intellectual capac ity of the story, and social aspects of the story define the makeup of the audience. At the industry or professional level there are specific values and norms of practice that are followed by individuals who feel a duty to the industry or the profession (Soroka 2012). With so many characteristics at play it is inevitable that discrepancies in the flow of information will be felt. The inevitability of gatekeeping lends itself to a look at the use of information for political gain. Just as discrepancy in the flow of information is inevitable, gatekeeping in politics is equally inevitable. If every voter was able to express their personal preference within a regulatory system there would be an overload of subjectivity. Politicians use that fact to their advantage. By focusing on only one or two topics a person or an organization can focus the public on an objective â€Å"reality† that caters to the individual’s general political view. In doing this the political goals of the politician or the political organization are met. March and Olsen (1984), in their study on organization in political systems, attempted to explain political communication in a world of ever-increasing access to, and volume of information. They highlighted the common portrayal of politics as a reflection of society, or as the â€Å"aggregate consequences of individual behavior (March, and Olsen 1984).† Their â€Å"new institutionalist† theory of political organization emphasized the relative autonomy of political institutions, the historical considerations for inefficient information management, and the importance of symbolic action in political endeavors (March, and Olsen 1984). Gatekeeping makes use of each of these three points. With autonomy comes subjective control, inefficient information management has the advantage of slowing down opposing propaganda, and symbolic action can emphasize a few important pieces of information while ignoring all others. The global social and economic trends of the late twentieth century are good platforms for looking at the utility of gatekeeping in politics. As alluded to in the opening paragraph of this essay, much of the world experienced a significant lifestyle change in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. As the Industrial Revolution mechanized major world powers, countries like England experienced a liberalization of social standards. Sexual promiscuity, alternative forms of music, drug use, and agnosticism opposed a World War II generation that largely identified with a conservative morality. In England this social liberalization formed as a response to the first half of the twentieth century that saw a consistent loss of economic growth. During most of the nineteenth century England ruled the world economy, maintaining an empire that spanned the globe and led innovations in machinery, steam power, banking, and trade. By 1900 industrialization had spread throughout Europe and North Americ a, decreasing the hold on the world economy England seemed to have (Murphy 1973). World War I caused a significant economic downturn, and the Great Depression followed, continuing a stagnation that wouldn’t lift until the end of World War II. The next few decades would be characterized by economic extremes with GDP growth jumping and falling as England recovered material losses from the war. The â€Å"high water† mark for England’s economy during this time came during the early and mid 1960s (Murphy 1973). Industry had remained a consistent producer for the country following the world wars, and as traditional markets changed and war-torn countries were rebuilt, Britain capitalized (Murphy 1973). On the heels of each economic upswing were the two primary political parties in the British parliament: the Conservative party and the Labour party (McLean 2001). While the Labour party made personal gains in the immediate aftermath of WWII, pushing nationalistic sentiment, it largely failed at maintaining political control over the British government. From 1951 to 1964 the Labour party experienced three consecutive general election losses (McLean 2001). In this same period the country experienced significant GDP growth, a revival of finance, and the continued influence of industry (Murphy 1973). The Conservatives lauded their own governance, and unsurprisingly took credit for the temporary status quo. The Labour party finally won a general election in 1964, placing Harold Wilson as Prime Minister (McLean 2001). Wilson was in stark contrast to the Conservative party member Harold Macmillan who sat as Prime Minister from 1957 to 1963 (McLean 2001). Macmillan embodied the right wing principles of the Conservative party, principles that embraced free market economies, social conservatism, and isolation. Wilson embodied the Labour party’s more liberal standards of nationalism and state sponsored welfare. As the economy bounced up and down the sentiments and actions of the two parties moved towards the extremity of their political philosophies (McLean 2001). Conservatives became more conservative. Labour party members became more nationalistic and liberal. This growing move to extremism came to a front on April 20, 1968 with Enoch Powell’s famous â€Å"Rivers of Blood† speech. Powell (1969), a Conservative party member, gave the speech in front of General Meeting of the West Midlands Area Conservative Political Centre, and lost a prominent cabinet position as a result. The speech became known as one of the most inflammatory speeches in British Parliamentary history, and focused on the increasing trend of immigration into the United Kingdom. Powell (1969) argued against the annual influx of 50,000 immigrants, stating the indigenous population was being â€Å"made strangers in our own country.† He brought up conversations with working class countrymen who felt the increased level of competition for shelter, work, and food first hand. He stated that the majority of the immigrants had no intention of fully assimilating, and he made statements like â€Å"this does not mean that the immigrant and his descendants should be elevated into a privileged or special class, or that the citizen should be denied his right to discriminate in the management of his o wn affairs (Powell 1969).† The actual subject matter of the speech isn’t as important as the reaction it produced. Powell was booted from the Shadow Cabinet, a form of check and balance to the primary cabinet. Labour party members called for arrests, newspaper headlines screamed, and Conservative backers went on strikes. Powell’s inflammatory words caused an inflammatory reaction, a direct result of gatekeeping. Powell, an individual actor in a large political organization, focused on one aspect of the public debate to push his personal political agenda. By focusing on the derogatory effects of immigration he was able to focus his constituents’ emotion on one small aspect of the country’s economy. Instead of looking at both sides of the immigration debate he announced only one bias, a bias that would cater to future votes. He focused on the annual immigration numbers without mentioning emigration statistics, and he used examples of the common working man as a victim of immigration w ithout using examples of immigrants successfully assimilating into British culture. The sentiment expressed by Powell in the â€Å"Rivers of Blood† speech frames a shared trait of right wing conservative politicians in wealthy nations during the twentieth century: prejudice as a form of isolation. The speech pitted parliament in a debate over social welfare and personal responsibility, but more to the point the speech lifted Powell’s notoriety overnight. Despite his firing from the Shadow Cabinet, Powell continued on with a very successful career in politics, and many sources credit his speech as the turning point that won the 1970 general election for the Conservative party. This style of inflammatory communication is a common trend in organizations and institutions that represent a collective group. In this example we see one agent communicating one idea, in the midst of a wealth of issues. He didn’t select one piece of information to simplify a complex problem, he selected one piece of information to focus emotional responses in a way that wo uld directly benefit him. On that day, during that speech, he was in control of the stream of information to the public. Just as mass media outlets function with corporate interests, and governments censor, so too did Enoch Powell use gatekeeping as a tool to benefit his interests. Works Cited Lewin, Kurt. â€Å"Defining the ‘Field at a Given Time.’† Psychological Review 50.3 (1943): 292-310. Print. March, James, and Johan Olsen. â€Å"The New Institutionalism: Organizational Factors in Political Life.† The American Political Science Review 78.3 (1984): 734-749. Print. McLean, Iain. Rational Choice and British Politics: An Analysis of Rhetorical Manipulation from Peel to Blair. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. Print. Murphy, Brian. A History of the British Economy, 1086-1970. London: Longman, 1973. Print. Powell, Enoch. Freedom and Reality. Tadworth: Elliot Right Way Books, 1969. Print. Schroeder, Paul. Austria, Great Britain, and the Crimean War: The Destruction of the European Concert. Ithica: Cornell University Press, 1972. Print. Shoemaker, Pamela, Martin Eichholz, Kim Eunyi, and Brenda Wrigley. â€Å"Individual and Routine Forces in Gatekeeping.† Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly 78.2 (2001): 233-246. Print. Soroka, Stuart. â€Å"The Gatekeeping Function: Distributions of Information in Media and the Real World.† The Journal of Politics 74.2 (2012): 514-528. Print.

Immigration To Canada Essay -- essays research papers

Immigration to Canada The first immigrants to the territory now constituting Canada were from Western Europe. The first great influx began early in the 19th century when large numbers of Europeans left their homelands to escape the economic distress resulting from the transformation of industry by the factory system and the concurrent shift from small-scale to large-scale farming. At the same time, wars, political oppression, and religious persecution caused a great many Europeans to seek freedom and security in Canada. The century following 1820 may be divided into three great periods of immigration to Canada. During the first period, from 1820 to 1860, most of the immigrants came from Great Britain, Ireland, and western Germany. In the second period, from 1860 to 1890, those countries continued to supply a majority of the immigrants; the Scandinavian nations provided a substantial minority. Thereafter the proportion of immigrants from northern and Western Europe declined rapidly. In the final period, from 1890 to 1910, fewer than one-third of the immigrants came from these regions. The majority of the immigrants were natives of southern and Eastern Europe, with nationals of Austria, Hungary, Italy, and Russia constituting more than half of the total. Until World War I, immigration had generally increased in volume annually. From 1905 to 1914 an average of more than a million aliens entered Canada every year. With the outbreak of war, the volume declined sharply, and the...

The Return: Midnight Chapter 17

Meredith and Matt were sitting at the breakfast table, which seemed sadly empty without Bonnie. It was amazing how much space that slight body had seemed to fil , and how much more serious everyone was without her. Meredith knew that if Elena had done her best, she could have offset it. But she also knew that Elena had one thing on her mind above al others, and that was Stefan, who was stricken with guilt for al owing his brother to abduct Bonnie. And meanwhile Meredith knew that both she and Matt were feeling guilty too, because today they would be leaving the other three, even if only for the evening. They each had been summoned home by parents who demanded to see them for dinner. Mrs. Flowers clearly didn't want them to feel too badly. â€Å"With the help you've given, I can make our urns,†she said. â€Å"Since Matt has found my wheel – â€Å" â€Å"I didn't exactly find it,†Matt said under his breath. â€Å"It was there in the storage room al the time and it fel on me.† † – and since Meredith has received her pictures – along, I'm sure, with an email from Mr. Saltzman – perhaps she could get them enlarged or whatever.† â€Å"Of course, and show them to the Saitous, too, to make sure that the symbols say the things we want them to,†Meredith promised. â€Å"And Bonnie can – â€Å" She broke off short. Idiot! She was an idiot, she thought. And, as a hunter-slayer, she was supposed to be clear-minded and at al times maintain control. She felt terrible when she looked at Matt and saw the naked pain in his face. â€Å"Dear Bonnie wil surely be home soon,†Mrs. Flowers finished for her. And we al know that's a lie, and I don't have to be psychic to detect it, Meredith thought. She noticed that Mrs. Flowers hadn't weighed in with anything from Ma ma. â€Å"We'l al be just fine here,†Elena said, final y picking up the bal as she realized that Mrs. Flowers was looking at her with ladylike distress. â€Å"You two think we're some kind of babies who need to be taken care of,†she said, smiling at Matt and Meredith, â€Å"but you're just babies too! Off you go! But be careful.† They went, Meredith giving Elena one last glance. Elena nodded very slightly, then turned stiffly, mimicking holding a bayonet. It was the changing of the guard. Elena let Stefan help her clean up the dishes – they were al letting him do little things now because he looked so much better. They spent the morning trying to contact Bonnie in different ways. But then Mrs. Flowers asked if Elena could board up the last few of the basement windows, and Stefan couldn't stand it. Matt and Meredith had already done a far more dangerous job. They'd hung two tarps from the house's ridgepole, each one hanging down one side of the main roof. On each tarp were the characters that Isobel's mother put on the Post-it Note amulets she always gave them, painted at an enormous scale in black paint. Stefan had been al owed only to watch and give suggestions from the widow's walk above his attic bedroom. But now†¦ â€Å"We'l nail up the boards together,†he said firmly, and went off to get a hammer and nails. It wasn't real y such a hard job anyway. Elena held the boards and Stefan wielded the hammer and she trusted him not to hit her fingers, which meant that they got on very quickly. It was a perfect day – clear, sunny, with a slight breeze. Elena wondered what was happening to Bonnie, right now, and if Damon was taking care of her properly – or at al . She seemed unable to shake off her worries these last days: over Stefan, over Bonnie, and over a curious feeling that she had to know what was going on in town. Maybe she could disguise herself†¦ God, no! Stefan said voicelessly. When she turned he was spitting out nails and looking both horrified and ashamed. Apparently she'd been projecting. â€Å"I'm sorry,†he said before Elena could get the nails out of her mouth, â€Å"but you know better than anyone why you can't go.† â€Å"But it's maddening not knowing what's happening,†Elena said, having gotten rid of her nails. â€Å"We don't know anything. What's happening to Bonnie, what state the town's in – â€Å" â€Å"Let's finish this board,†Stefan said. â€Å"And then let me hold you.† When the last board was secure, Stefan raised her from the lower embankment where she was sitting, not bride-style, but kid-style, putting her toes on top of his feet. He danced her a little, whirled her a couple of times in the air, and then nabbed her coming down again. â€Å"I know your problem,†he said soberly. Elena looked up quickly. â€Å"You do?†she said, alarmed. Stefan nodded, and to her further alarm said, â€Å"It's Love-itis. Means the patient has a whole slew of people she cares about, and she can't be happy unless each and every one of them is safe and happy themselves.† Elena deliberately slipped off his shoes and looked up at him. â€Å"Some more than others,†she said hesitantly. Stefan looked down at her and then he took her in his arms. â€Å"I'm not as good as you,†he said while Elena's heart pounded in shame and remorse for ever having touched Damon, ever having danced with him, ever having kissed him. â€Å"If you are happy, that's al I want, after that prison. I can live; I can die†¦peaceful y.† â€Å"If we're happy,†Elena corrected. â€Å"I won't tempt the gods. I'l settle for you.† â€Å"No, you can't! Don't you see? If you disappeared again, I'd worry and fret and fol ow you. To Hel if I had to.† â€Å"I'l take you with me wherever I go,†Stefan said hastily. â€Å"If you'l take me with you.† Elena relaxed slightly. That would do, for now. As long as Stefan was with her she could stand anything. They sat and cuddled, right under the open sky, even with a maple tree and a clump of slender waving beeches nearby. She extended her aura a little and felt it touch Stefan's. Peace flooded into her, and al the dark thoughts were left behind. Almost al . â€Å"Since I first saw you, I loved you – but it was the wrong kind of love. See how long it took me to figure that out?†Elena whispered into the hol ow of his throat. â€Å"Since I first saw you, I loved you – but I didn't know who you real y were. You were like a ghost in a dream. But you put me straight pretty quickly,†Stefan said, obviously glad that he could brag about her. â€Å"And we've survived – everything. They say long-distance relationships can be pretty difficult,†he added, laughing, and then he stopped, and she could feel al his faculties fixed on her suddenly, breath stopping so he could hear her better. â€Å"But then, there's Bonnie and Damon,†he said before she could say or think a word. â€Å"We have to find them soon – and they'd damn well better be together – or it had better have been Bonnie's decision to part.† â€Å"There's Bonnie and Damon,†agreed Elena, glad that she could share even her darkest thoughts with someone. â€Å"I can't think about them. I can't not think about them. We do have to find them, and very fast – but I pray that they're with Lady Ulma now. Maybe Bonnie is going to a bal or gala. Maybe Damon is hunting with that Black Ops program.† â€Å"As long as nobody's real y hurt.† â€Å"Yes.†Elena tried hard to tuck herself closer to Stefan. She wanted to – be closer to him, somehow. The way they had when she had been out of her body and she had just sunk into him. But of course, with regular bodies, they couldn't†¦ But of course they could. Now. Her blood†¦ Elena real y didn't know which of them thought of it first. She looked away, embarrassed at even having considered it – and caught the tail end of Stefan looking away too. â€Å"I don't think we have the right,†she whispered. â€Å"Not to – be that happy – when everyone else is miserable. Or doing things for the town or for Bonnie.† â€Å"Of course we don't,†Stefan said firmly, but he had to gulp a little first. â€Å"No,†Elena said. â€Å"No,†Stefan said firmly, and then right in the middle of her echoing â€Å"no,†he went and pul ed her up and kissed her breathless. And of course, Elena couldn't let him do that and not get even. So she demanded, Stillbreathless, but almost angry, that he say â€Å"no†again, and when he did it she caught him and kissed him. â€Å"You were happy,†she accused a moment later. â€Å"I felt it.† Stefan was too much of a gentleman to accuse her of being happy because of anything she might do. He said, â€Å"I couldn't help it. It just happened by itself. I felt our minds together, and that made me happy. But then I remembered about poor Bonnie. And – â€Å" â€Å"Poor Damon?† â€Å"Well, somehow I don't think we need to go so far as to cal him ‘poor Damon.'But I did remember him,†he said. â€Å"Well done,†Elena said. â€Å"We'd better go inside now,†Stefan said. And then hastily, â€Å"Downstairs, I mean. Maybe we can think of something more to do for them.† â€Å"Like what? There's not a thing I can think of. I did meditation and Attempt to Contact by Out-of-Body Experience – â€Å" â€Å"From nine thirty to ten thirty A.M.,†Stefan said. â€Å"And meanwhile I was trying al frequency telepathic cal s. No response.† â€Å"Then we tried with the Ouija board.† â€Å"For half an hour – and al we got was nonsense.† â€Å"It did tel us the clay was coming.† â€Å"I think that was me bumping it toward ‘yes.'† â€Å"Then I tried to tap into the ley lines below us for Power – â€Å" â€Å"From eleven to around eleven thirty,†Stefan recited. â€Å"While I tried to go into hibernation to have a prophetic dream†¦.† â€Å"We really tried hard,†Elena said grimly. â€Å"And then we nailed the last few boards up,†Stefan added. â€Å"Bringing us to a little after twelve thirty P.M.† â€Å"Can you think of a single Plan – we're down to G or H now – that might al ow us to help them any more?† â€Å"I can't. I just honestly can't,†Stefan said. Then he added, hesitantly, â€Å"Maybe Mrs. Flowers has some housework for us. Or† – even more hesitantly, testing the waters – â€Å"we could go into town.† â€Å"No! You're definitely not strong enough for that!†Elena said sharply. â€Å"And there's no more housework,†she added. Then she threw everything to the wind. Every responsibility. Every rationality. Just like that. She began to tow Stefan to the house so they could get there quicker. â€Å"Elena – â€Å" I'm burning my bridges! Elena thought stubbornly, and suddenly she didn't care. And if Stefan cared she would bite him. But it was as if some spel had suddenly come over her so that she felt she would die without his touch. She wanted to touch him. She wanted him to touch her. She wanted him to be her mate. â€Å"Elena!†Stefan could hear what she was thinking. He was torn, of course, Elena thought. Stefan was always torn. But how dare he be torn about this? She turned around to face him, blazing. â€Å"You don't want to!† â€Å"I don't want to do it and then find out I've Influenced you into it!† â€Å"You were Influencing me?†shouted Elena. Stefan threw out his hands and yel ed, â€Å"How can I know when I want you so much?† Oh. Well, that was better. There was a little glitter in Elena's side-eye and she looked at it and realized that Mrs. Flowers had quietly shut a window. Elena darted a glance at Stefan. He was trying not to blush. She doubled over, trying not to laugh. Then she stood on his shoes again. â€Å"Maybe we deserve an hour alone† – dangerously. â€Å"A whole hour?†Stefan's conspiratorial whisper made an hour sound like eternity. â€Å"We do deserve it,†Elena said, enthral ed. She began to tow him again. â€Å"No.†Stefan pul ed her back, lifted her – bridal-style – and suddenly they were going straight up, fast. They shot up three stories and a little more and landed on the platform of the widow's walk above his room. â€Å"But it's locked from inside – â€Å" Stefan stomped on the trapdoor – hard. The door disappeared. Elena was impressed. They floated down into Stefan's room amid a shaft of light and motes of dust that looked like fireflies or stars. â€Å"I'm a little nervous,†Elena said. She heeled her sandals off and slid out of her jeans and top and into bed†¦only to find Stefan already there. They're faster, she thought. As fast as you think you are, they're always faster. She turned toward Stefan in the bed. She was wearing a camisole and underwear. She was scared. â€Å"Don't,†he said. â€Å"I don't even have to bite you.† â€Å"You do so. It's al that weird stuff about my blood.† â€Å"Oh, yeah,†he said, as if he'd forgotten. Elena would bet that he hadn't forgotten a word about her blood†¦al owing vampires to do things they couldn't otherwise. Her life energy gave them back al their human abilities, and he wouldn't forget that. They're smarter, she thought. â€Å"Stefan, it's not supposed to be like this! I'm supposed to parade in front of you in a golden negligee designed by Lady Ulma, with jewels by Lucen and golden stilts – which I don't own. And there are supposed to be scattered flower petals on the bed and roses in little round bubble bowls and white vanil a candles.† â€Å"Elena,†Stefan said, â€Å"come here.† She went into his arms, and let herself breathe in the fresh smel of him, warm and spicy, with a trace of rusty nails. You're my life, Stefan told her silently. We're not going to do anything today. There's not much time, and you deserve your golden negligee and your roses and candles. If not from Lady Ulma, from the finest Earth designers that money can provide. But†¦kiss me? Elena kissed him wil ingly, so glad that he was wil ing to wait. The kiss was warm and comforting and she didn't mind the slight taste of rust. And it was wonderful to be with someone who would provide exactly what she needed, whether that was a slight mind probe, just to make her feel safer, or†¦ And then sheet lightning hit them. It seemed to come from both of them at once, and then Elena involuntarily clamped her teeth on Stefan's lip, drawing blood. Stefan locked his arms around her, and barely waited for her to back off a little, before deliberately taking her lower lip in his own teeth and†¦after a moment of tension that seemed to last forever†¦biting down hard. Elena almost cried out. She almost then and there unleashed the Still-undefined Wings of Destruction on him. But two things stopped her. One, Stefan had never, ever hurt her before. And, two, she was being drawn into something so ancient and mystical that she couldn't stop now. A minute of finessing and Stefan had the two little wounds aligned. Blood surged from Elena's bleeding lip and, in direct connection with Stefan's less serious wound, caused a backflow. Her blood into his lip. And the same thing happened with Stefan's blood; some of it, rich with Power, rushed into Elena. It wasn't perfect. A bead of blood swell ed and stood gleaming on Elena's lip. But Elena couldn't have cared less. A moment later the bead dropped down into Stefan's mouth and she felt the sheer staggering power of how much he loved her. She herself was concentrating on one single tiny feeling, somewhere in the center of this storm they'd cal ed up. This kind of exchange of blood – she was sure as she could be – this was the old way, the way that two vampires could share blood and love and their souls. She was being drawn into Stefan's mind. She felt his soul, pure and unconstrained, swirling around her with a thousand different emotions, tears from his past, joy from the present, al open without a trace of a shield from her. She felt her own soul lift to meet his, herself unshielded and unafraid. Stefan had long ago seen any selfishness, vanity, over-ambition in her – and forgiven it. He'd seen al of her and loved al of her, even the bad parts. And so she saw him, as darkness as tender as rest, as gentle as evensong, wrapping black protective wings around her†¦ Stefan, I†¦ Love†¦I know†¦ That was when someone knocked on the door.

Religion criticized by the criticized essay

Religion criticized by the criticized essay Religion criticized by the criticized essay Religion criticized by the criticized essayReligion over the course of history, has been criticized by the criticized. Using religion to justify why individuals should conform to a certain lifestyle or way of life has created naivety amongst followers, resentment to specific ideals of the religion, and ideas opposing religious explanation of why things are the way they are. The hypocrisy of not practicing what you preach has left a sour taste in the mouths of many people, and when things are too sour you are left only with one decision, spitting it out.   Sor Juana Ines De La Cruz a nun and Olaudah Equiano a former slave both criticize religion through their own experiences. Sor Juana a women living in the 17th century during a time when women did not have many rights and the church and state where not separated, faced criticism from both the public and the church. Equiano a slave in the 20th century who bought his freedom, experienced and witnessed the hypocrisy of the men who wou ld preach the word of God but would notactually practice it. Equiano a black male and Sor Juana a white women are both idle victims of religious hypocrisy. In â€Å"the interesting life of Olaudah Equiano† byOlaudah Equiano and in â€Å"Response to SorFilotea†translated by Margaret Peden the characters get there points across through literature.

Daltons Model of the Atom and Early Atomic Theory

Dalton's Model of the Atom and Early Atomic Theory You may take it for granted that matter is made up of atoms, but what we consider common knowledge was unknown until relatively recently in human history. Most science historians credit John Dalton, a British physicist, chemist, and meteorologist, with the development of modern atomic theory. Early Theories While the ancient Greeks believed atoms made matter, they disagreed on what atoms were. Democritus recorded that  Leucippus believed atoms to be small, indestructible bodies that could combine to change properties of matter.  Aristotle believed elements each had their own special essence, but he did not think the properties extended down to tiny, invisible particles. No one really questioned Aristotles theory, since tools did not exist to examine matter in detail. Along Comes Dalton So, it wasnt until the 19th century that scientists conducted experiments on the nature of matter. Daltons experiments focused on gases their properties, what happened when they were combined, and the similarities and differences between different types of gases. What he learned led him to propose several laws, which are known collectively as Daltons Atomic Theory or Daltons Laws: Atoms are small, chemically indestructible particles of matter. Elements consist of atoms.Atoms of an element share common properties.Atoms of different elements have different properties and different atomic weights.Atoms that interact with each other obey the Law of Conservation of Mass. Essentially, this law states the number and kinds of atoms that react are equal to the number and kinds of atoms in the products of a chemical reaction.Atoms that combine with each other obey the Law of Multiple Proportions. In other words, when elements combine, the ratio in which the atoms combine can be expressed as a ratio of whole numbers. Dalton is also known for proposing gas laws (Daltons Law of Partial Pressures) and explaining color blindness. Not all of his scientific experiments could be called successful. For example, some believe the stroke he suffered might have resulted from research using himself as a subject, in which he poked himself in the ear with a sharp stick to  Ã¢â‚¬Å"investigate the humours that move inside of my cranium.†