Evaluation Essay Any topic Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evaluation Any topic - Essay Example My brother's fish tank has the correct mix of fish, is clean, and is a pleasure to watch. An aquarium is first and foremost a place where the fish will spend their entire life. Having the correct combination of species is critical to maintaining balance in a fish tank. Some fish will be more aggressive and attack smaller fish. In addition, the tank needs a well balanced mixture of bottom, middle, and top feeders to keep the tank clean of uneaten food. Aquarium expert Thomas Narten reminds us, "Not all species of fish mix well with others". My brother has a Beta that feeds on the top, tetras and lionfish to feed the middle, and catfish that live as bottom feeders. They are not aggressive and stay in their own territory. My brother has provided a well balanced environment for these fish to spend the rest of their lives in. The fact that the fish will spend their entire lives in this tank demands that it remain clean. My brother has chosen to utilize an undergravel filter. This arrangement draws water through the gravel at the bottom of the tank and the settling debris is used to feed the plants and bottom feeders that reside there. The test of a filtering system is water clarity and in this my brother has succeeded. The water is spotless with no floating debris.

Conceptual framework Essay Example for Free

Conceptual framework Essay The table1 below shows that the theories for the adoption and diffusion of an IT-based innovation. Scholar name: Theory name 1. Rogers (1983, 1995) Innovation diffusion theory 2. Moore and benbasat (1991) Perceived characteristics of innovation 3. Davis (1989) Technology acceptance model 4. K won and Zmud (1987) Diffusion/ implementation model 5. Fishbein and Ajzen’s (1975) Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) Table1 2, a list of innovation adoption theories. Davis developed the technology acceptance model in 1989. It aims to explain the determinants of computer acceptance in general the capability of the user’s behavior across a broad range of end-user computing technologies and user populations, while being parsimonious and theoretically justified (Davis 1989). The theory includes several theoretical backgrounds like adoption of innovations, the cost-benefit paradigm, expectancy theory, and self-efficacy theory. At the core of the theory is the model proposed by Davis, which focuses on the perceived usefulness of technology and perceived ease of use, which plays a significant influence in adopting innovation. Figure 1. Davis Technology Acceptance Model Davis’ TAM originated from the Fishbein and Ajzen’s Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) model (Davis, 1989). The TRA model aims â€Å"to explain a broader range of behaviors based on situation specific combinations of personal beliefs and attitudes, and the effects of beliefs of others close to the individual† (Szajna, 1996). The discussion and limitation of the theories A limitation has been found for using those theories is that â€Å"according to the research, there are only the Innovation diffusion theory (Roger, 1995) and Diffusion/ implementation model (K won and Zmud, 1987) predict the both of an individual’s adoption behavior and an organization’s adoption behavior. † (Anand Jeyaraj, Joseph W Rottam, Mary C Lacity). The others theories predict only an individual’s adoption behavior. In another words, the TAM and TRA only exam the innovation adoption from the individual blogger perspective. However, to eliminate the limitation, the author will choose using with the DOI theory together in order to deeply analyze the both innovation adoption by individual bloggers and organizations. Diffusion and Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation Theory 1995 Diffusion is the process in which and innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system. It is a special type of communication, in that the messages are concerned with new ideas (Rogers 1995, 5). In his works, Rogers discusses diffusion as the transfer of innovations through different media in a specific time and into different members of the social system. He also defines communication, an important and critical part of the diffusion of innovations. He defines communication in the diffusion of innovations as a process in which participants create and share information with one another in order to reach a mutual understanding. This definition implies that communication is a process of convergence (or divergence) as two or more individuals exchange information in order to move toward each other (or apart) in meanings that they give to certain events (Rogers 1995, 6). Communication is a very important factor in the diffusion of innovations, it is a medium which must be perceived as a two way process rather as a one-way linear act, since in the diffusion of innovations, those who are yet to accept the innovations must be well adept and informed about the innovation. Blogging is a form of innovation which involves the interaction of a whole social system in the dynamic cyberspace. Corporate blog is seen as a communication method which involves the interaction of two or more individuals or even a whole social system. Diffusion is a special type of communication in which the messages are about a new idea. This newness of the idea in the message content gives diffusion its special character (Rogers 1995, 6). From these statements come new concepts such as newness, uncertainty, and information in the context of diffusion. While uncertainty is the degree to which a number of alternatives are perceived with respect to the occurrence of an event and the relative probability of alternatives. Uncertainty implies a lack of predictability, of structure, and of information. Rogers (1995) cites Rogers and Kincaid (1981) in the discussion of Information in the context of diffusion. Wherein, Information is a difference in matter-energy that affects uncertainty in a situation where a choice exists among a set of alternatives. Advances in technology, embodies information and reduces uncertainty about cause-effect relationships in problem solving. Technology is information put into use in order to carry out some task (Rogers et. al. 1999, 689) As technological advances are the major factors diffused, studies have also been conducted in relation to technological transfers which is much related to the diffusion of innovations. Technology transfer is the application of information into use (Rogers 1995). As defined, technological transfer is the application of theoretical innovations into applied inputs and outputs which may be used for both commercialized and not commercialized produce or services, wherein consumers or corporations benefit. The information that is transferred results from research that is conducted, perhaps in order for it to be applied to the development and commercialization of new or improved products or services that are sold in the marketplace by private companies (Matkin 1990). The process of technological transfer involves an interaction between the corporation and the corresponding stakeholders which benefit or which are affected by the corporation. Thus the suggestions in Rogers’ theory that there must be clear coordination through communication should be applied as reinforced by Williams and Gibson. The technology transfer process usually involves communication between (1) a source of technology that possesses specialized technical skills, and (2) receptors who do not possess these specialized skills and who cannot create the technology themselves (Williams Gibson 1990). Which is basically corresponding to the logical flow that technology is basically transferred to those who are not well adept to the advanced technology. A technology is a design for instrumental action that reduces the uncertainty in the cause-effect relationships involve in achieving a desired outcome (Rogers 1995, 13). Technology often has two aspects, one is the hardware aspect and the second is the software aspect. The hardware aspect consists of a tool that embodies the technology as a material or physical object (Rogers 1995, 13). The hardware aspect often comes as the solid part of the technology, as in the case of the computer, the hardware aspect is the keyboard, the monitor, the mouse the central processing unit, semiconductors etc. The software aspect consists of the information base for the tool (Rogers 1995, 6). The software aspect is then composed of the tools which enable the hardware to pursue its functions. As in the case of the computer, the software aspect is the codes, programs, commands, instructions, manuals, etc. Contrary to the common perception that the hardware is mostly is technology since it is normal for humans to think only of things which they can see and hold – yet technology may be purely the software aspect or may entirely be composed only of information which is new and considerably helpful than the current design and functions of normal practices. Examples of these technologies which may be composed of pure information are political ideologies such as Marxism and Maoism; and or religious beliefs and ideas such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, etc. Corporate blog may be attributed to the software part, as there is no solid hardware present, but the computers and other equipments. It is an easy way to make organizations adopt to innovations, such technology existed for quite sometime yet there are yet a few corporations who did not join the trend of corporate blogging. Everett Rogers conceptualized the Diffusion of innovation theory in 1995. In this theory, Rogers (1995) points out that the acceptance of an innovation depends upon certain qualities as perceived by the audience. These qualities are the relative advantage of the innovation, its compatibility with existing values and practices, its simplicity and ease of use, its trialability, and its observable results. Relative advantage is the degree an innovation is perceived as a better idea than its preceding innovations. This quality is measured in economic terms, social prestige, convenience and satisfaction (Robinson, no date). Robinson further stresses that â€Å"the greater the perceived relative advantage of an innovation, the more rapid its rate of adoption is likely to be†. Compatibility with existing values and practices is concerned with the consistency of the innovation to the existing values, past experiences, and needs of potential adopters. If an idea is perceived to be incompatible with existing values and practices of a social system, it is less likely to be adopted. Simplicity and ease of use is the adopter’s perception on the difficulty of the innovation to understand and use. The simpler the innovation, the more rapid its rate of adoption will be. Trialability is the degree an innovation may be experimented with on a limited basis (Robinson, no date). Trialability of an innovation reduces the potential adopter’s uncertainties about the innovation. Observable result is the degree to which an adopter sees the results of an innovation. The more visible the result is, the more likely individuals will adopt it. These are the factors that must be considered in order to create a successful innovation. In summary, innovations simply with more relative advantages, greater compatibility, trialability, observability, and less complexity will gain a higher rate of adoption. There are four main elements in the Diffusion of Innovations as identified by Rogers (1995), these are (1) Innovation, (2), Channels, (3) Time, and (4) social system. As defined earlier, Rogers (1995, 11) defines diffusion as the process by which (1) and innovation (2) is communicated through certain channels (3) over time (4) among the members of the social system. Innovations. An innovation is an idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by and individual or other unit of adoption. I matters little, so far as human behavior is concerned, whether or not an idea is â€Å"objectively† new as measured by the lapse of time since its first use or discovery (Rogers 1995, 12). As Rogers (1995, 12) stresses, it should be assumed that the diffusion and adoption of all innovations are necessarily desirable. The attributes of innovations are namely, (1) Relative advantage, (2) Compatibility, (3) Complexity, (4) Trialability, and (5) Observability. Rogers (1997, 2) discussed each of the five attributes; Relative advantage is the degree to which innovation is perceived as better than the idea it supercedes. Individuals evaluate new ideas in relationship to the ideas with which they are familiar; compatibility as the degree to which an innovation is perceived as similar to the individual’s past experiences, values and beliefs; Complexity as the degree to which an innovation is perceived as difficult to understand and use; Trialability as the degree to which an innovation is perceived as divisible by the individual for purposes of gaining personal experience with it; and observability as the degree to which an innovation is perceived as highly visible to others.

The Importance Of Performance Assessment Education Essay

The Importance Of Performance Assessment Education Essay Introduction Assessment had undergone a major shift from that as a measure of students performance in pencil and paper test to assessing a broader area that does not only include students knowledge and understanding but also essential skills. These skills for instance, communication, problem solving, investigation and even thinking skills are few of the intended abilities that are required for teachers to instil in their teaching. These are also one of the aims of the Ministry of Education in the new education system, SPN 21. In Brunei itself, the secondary schools have begun to implement such task in their curriculum. Brunei Common Assessment Task or better known as BCAT has started in the year 2011. Students are assessed base on their performance on the task by using rubric which comprised of three assessed dimensions. The first dimension is knowledge and understanding while the second dimension includes thinking skill, problem solving and investigation skill and the last one is communication skill. The Importance of Performance Assessment Performance assessment, also known as alternative or authentic assessment, is a form of testing that requires students to perform a task rather than select an answer from a ready-made list. It is designed to provide a more complete picture of student achievement in a particular area (Sweet, 1993). In other words, students are assessed through observing their performances and examining the products they have produced throughout the lesson. The purpose of performance assessment is to evaluate the actual process of doing an object of learning. Students are expected to be able to apply knowledge learnt in class to solve problems in the task. Apart from that, students may need to use their thinking skill in order to complete the task. Teachers as evaluators will be able to judge the quality of their students abilities, witness their students progress and facilitate them to a higher level of conceptual and procedural knowledge (Slater, n.d.) during which the task is conducted. Tasks that are meaningful may enhance students interest towards mathematics learning as they could make sense of what they learnt while performing (Ng, Koh, Kelly Yue, 2009). With further understanding on the tasks, students will be able to apply mathematical concepts learnt in real life context (Goldman Hasselbring, 1997; Lim, Tan Wei Lin, 2011). Not only that by giving performance assessment tasks students are well guided on their level of achievement as they get immediate feedback based from the rubric assessed by their teachers. Self and peer assessment are also encouraged in order to acknowledge their level of competencies in that particular topic. The importance of performance task does not focus on the students only. Teachers also benefit from implementing such tasks in their teaching. Different topics could be integrated into one performance task, thus teachers need not to give up certain topics or favourite activities in their classroom and time would be managed efficiently. This kind of integration along with traditional testing would give a comprehensive picture of students performance. The aforementioned was suggested by Hibbard, Wagenen, Lewbebel et al. (1996) whereby traditional testing should be simultaneously working with the performance task in order to produce a better way to deliver the curriculum (Figure 1). http://www.ascd.org/ASCD/images/publications/books/hibbard1996_fig1.gif Figure 1. Students literacy. Students Difficulty in Learning and Understanding on Fractions The topic being assessed was on fractions in real life. Fraction is considered one of the most difficult topics encountered by students. Many studies had reported of its difficulties where students struggled in understanding the concept on fractions. Suffolk and Clements (2003) studied students in Form 1 and Form 2 from 27 secondary schools in Brunei had found out that many students were experiencing serious difficulties with elementary fractions tasks. Another study by Zurina (2003) involving Form 4 (N-Level) students discovered that students had very poor knowledge and understanding of fractions and decimals. The major contributing factors were that teacher spent large amount of time on preparing students for high-stake examination, therefore the traditional drill and practice method was mostly employed by teachers. She further commented that teaching and assessment methods were not generating towards the desired quality of the students. Description of the Task The task comprised of six questions with the first four related to each other. The next two questions are the application problems which are quite similar to the first four (refer to Appendix A). Question 1 until 4 assesses the students knowledge and understanding of their concept on fractions. These include the interpretation of fraction and understanding the key word which is remaining and remainder. Meanwhile Question 5 and 6 are the application of operation in fraction to solve problems, through which the thinking skills, problem solving and investigation, and communication skills are assessed (refer to Appendix B for rubrics). Each dimension were given a score from 1 to 5 depending on the different criteria as stated in Appendix B. Lesson plan for carrying out the task was designed prior the class (refer to Appendix C). Class Observation The task was conducted on the 27th September 2012 in an all girls school in Brunei Darussalam. It was intended for Year 7 students and the topic being assessed was on Fraction in Real Life. There were 22 students involved in this study with an average mathematical ability. The duration of the study followed the mathematics period which was 50 minutes. The session started with a brief review on the topic specifically on the four operations of fractions. After 5 minutes, the task sheets were distributed to the students including the rubrics. Students were given an explanation of what they should do for the task and what was expected according to the rubric. Students were asked to work together in a pair and the use of calculators was allowed. Teachers involved were making rounds while giving help when necessary to the students throughout the lesson. During the lesson, most of the students were working on their task with few of the students did not communicate with their partners. It could be observed that few students were struggling in understanding the first question. These students managed to shade the boxes with their colour pencils. However, they did not label their shadings as they were instructed in the question. Furthermore, students were found having difficulty to proceed to the next question. Since the second question was asking the students to shade three-eighths of the remainder, few students had shaded three boxes on their diagram. More problems arose as they moved on to the next question where students were found to shade ten boxes rather than four, which was the actual answer. As for the fourth question, since they got it wrong from the second and the third question, their final solution was also incorrect. Questions 5 and 6 were the application problems. Students need to understand the problems and think before they could proceed. The first part of the question was an easy and straight forward question which a lot of the students managed to answer. Whereas the second part of Question 5 was difficult for students to solve even though it was a similar problem to those in Questions 1 to 4. Question 6 was the least answered by the students during the lesson. Results and Discussions Table 1 Mean Scores for Each Dimensions Knowledge and Understanding Thinking Skills, Problem Solving and Investigations Communication Skills 3.59 1.77 1.68 From the analysis of the rubrics, it was found that the mean score for each dimension were as shown in Table 1 above. Based from the results, most students were able to show correct fraction diagrams in Question 1, 2 and 3. This showed that the students had basic knowledge on fractions but little on understanding the problem. Meanwhile, students only managed to apply a strategy and obtain incomplete solutions to both application problems which indicated that they were unable to reach the standard intended for their level. This further affected their communication skills by which they were unable to illustrate and reason their solutions. From the observations, teachers found out that there was a slight improvement throughout the lesson for knowledge and understanding dimension only. This was because the students spent more time trying out Questions 2 and 3 compared to the rest of the questions, a reason why Question 6 was the least answered. This was also the reason why the teachers involved were unable to rate the students on the other two dimensions during the lesson conducted.. Analysing at each question, all the students had no problem with attempting Question 1. However, students were having difficulty in finding the right number of squares to be shaded in Question 2 and 3. This was mainly due to the misunderstanding of the word remaining in the question. Students were using the original number of squares to find the number of squares to be shaded in Questions 2 and 3. This led to their inability to find the correct response for Question 4. With regards to Questions 5 and 6, students were also having similar problem of understanding the word remaining and remainder as posted in the previous questions. This brought an impact towards the overall performance of the students for these two application questions. Few tried the questions but were unsuccessful in getting the correct answers, others left it unattempted. Reflection and Conclusion From the above discussion, it could be concluded that overall the lesson ran smoothly and only the first objective was achieved as indicated from the mean scores of the rubric. Students were found to be quite engaged in the activity. Students thinking could be observed through their working and when they asked questions clarifying their difficulties. However less communication with their partner could be observed during the lesson. Low students interaction resulted in different scores achieved by few groups. Apart from that, students were seen more focused on finishing the first task rather than the application problems. Perhaps, this is because the first activity targeted on the basic understanding on fractions in real life and students assumed that the questions were easy since diagrams were provided. Feedback from the students was asked towards the end of the lesson where commonly they claimed that the tasks were overly difficult. This kind of response had shown that the students who participated in this task were not exposed to this kind of assessment approach. It was also found from the above analysis that there were few limitations on the task. Firstly, difficulty in rating students scores was encountered. This is because few of them had left their task unanswered and the rubric designed had specified one mark for no attempt in the third dimension, the communication skill. This had shown that the rubric itself was lacking of fairness. This should be modified in the future if one would implement the task in their class. Secondly, a proper classroom observation checklist which assesses other attributes apart from what the rubrics had specified should have been developed. At least, from this checklist, a wider perspective such as students interaction with their peers and also with the teachers involved could be further evaluated. Finally, as discussed before, the tasks only concentrate on a key word remaining which is a confusing concept to the students. This can be modified by adding different concept rather than focusing on just one.

Frosts Tuft Of Flowers And Men Essay -- essays research papers fc

A Look at the Theme of Separation in the Poetry of Robert Frost   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The creation of borders and boundaries has been around since the beginning of civilization. The division of property and possessions among individuals establishes a sense of self-worth. The erection of fences and walls keeps property separate. Walls also serve as a means of separating worlds. Modern society demands the creation, and maintenance of these boundaries. In his poems, “The Tuft of Flowers,'; and “Mending Wall,'; Robert Frost explores the role that walls play in our lives. He examines how the lives of men are both separated, and drawn together by walls.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In “ The Tuft of Flowers,'; Frost shows how men work alone. In contrast, Frost then shows how men can work together through their separation. Frost describes how a simple, uncut tuft of wild flowers can unite two separate people. The appreciation of natures beauty has an effect on the mower, leading him away from cutting the flowers. The man that follows the mower feels a special kinship to him because he also likes the flowers. The beauty of a simple patch of flowers brings the narrator to realize that although he may work by himself, he is part of something bigger; the human race.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Frost also demonstrates how men never exist alone when surrounded by nature. In ̶...

Pablo Neruda

Pablo Neruda was a communist poet. The Chilean won the Nobel Prize in Literature 1971. He wrote The Captain’s Verses in 1952 while he was in exile with his secret lover Matilde Urrutia on the island of Capri. The Captain’s Verses was a collection of his Love Poems that expresses Pablo’s different emotions to his love and the beautiful nature. From the book, we can see how Plabo treasured the time living with Matlide in the adorable exotic place. We can feel his passion, his pain, and his rage. His love poems were permeated with dense patriotism and his homesickness for Chile. Matilde was a singer. Her life was changed after she fell in love with Pablo, the most important person in her life. It would never be easy to stay with a communist. With her faith of love, she had gone through a lot of danger with Pablo and she was also Pablo’s good helper. They had countless sweet and unforgettable moments. Pablo was dead in soon after the military coup of Chile in 1973. They were separated forever since then. The military government treated Maltide as an influential figure in the country because she was the widow of a communist. She had a choice to leave this Chile but she decided to keep on going Pablo’s path and stay in Pablo’s home. Finally, she was able to publish Pablo’s work and write her own memoir. In her memoir, she told her legendary love with Pablo and the struggles she had faced. We can see their love on both Pablo’s poem and Maltide’s memoir. We can see their own perspective in their work. The memoir is a compliment to the poem that everything written by Pablo did happen to Maltide. She gave response and opinion to these experiences. In this essay, I’m going to analyze â€Å"The Soldier’s Love† in The Captain’s Verses from Plabo’s perspective and the view of Maltide’s memoir My Life with PABLO NERUDA. The Soldier’s Love â€Å"was written to Maltide. It is in free verse and there are ten stanzas. The tone of this poem is passionate and it sounds like Pablo is talking to Maltide directly. He used a lot of â€Å"You† to raise the momentum. â€Å"You’ll wear out your shoes/ but you’ll grow on the march/ You have to walk on thorns† (17-19) It sounds powerful and it makes Maltide become confident and dedicated. There are some words that are stressed at the end of the sentence such as â€Å" fire†, â€Å"death†, â€Å"march†, â€Å"blood†, they all stand out in the poem because they accentuate the danger of their future. The poem is well organized: From the second stanza to the fifth stanza, they are all three sentences long. From the sixth to eighth stanza, they are two sentences long. This splits the poem into two parts. The three sentences structure is talking about Maltide’s life before she met Pablo while the two sentences structure is talking about the life she is going to spend with him. The first stanza â€Å"in the midst of war life led you to be the soldier’s love† (1-2) is the introduction. Then the last stanza ends the poem with two equal sentences â€Å" Kiss me again, beloved/ Clean that gun, comrade (21-22) The whole structure of this poem looks very clear. The final stanza is strong to encourage Maltide with their faith of love and the word â€Å"beloved† and â€Å"comrade† shows Pablo’s tremendous passion. Pablo wanted to use this poem to let Maltide understand that her life had come to a turning point and also encourage her to be ready for the challenges coming up in their life. The introduction of the poem indicates that she no longer could enjoy a normal life. In the midst of war life led you to be the soldier’s love† (1-2) Pablo was the soldier fighting for the communist party. Everything would be different when she became a communist’s love. Pablo seemed disapproval of her past because he used â€Å"vagabond† to address her in the poem. He thought Maltide was political ignorant. â€Å"You didn’t know where you were going/ you were the dancing partner/ you had no Party, no country†(9-11) What she had done before was not meaningful at all. She didn’t belong to anyone and anywhere. It was time to abandon her past and fight with him from now on. Now you can’t dance any more/ with your silk dress in the ballroom/ You’ll wear out your shoes/ but you’ll grow on the march† (15-18) Although she couldn’t have the comfortable life like before and she would be suffering a lot, she would learn a different dimension of life joining the fight for the fellow people. The fight of the communist is a long march that it will be full of sufferings. â€Å" You’ll have to walk on thorns/ leaving little drops of blood† (19-20) Maltide should be prepared for any hurt or even death on the way. At last, Pablo encouraged Maltide to be dedicated to their love. Kiss me again, beloved† (21) He urged her to put the focus on their love, then they would not scare any situation coming up. Their faith of love is the best thing to console Maltide and keep her marching. Plabo thought Maltide was ready to fight with him. â€Å"Clean that gun, comrade† (22) She was not only his lover but also his â€Å"comrade†. Maltide was his counterpart who would share any problem with him and fight till the end. In Maltide’s memoir My Life With Pablo Neruda, she retold her terrible experiences that she had never encounter in her life. She had spent an agonizing night on the boat and almost swallowed by the sea. In the hotel, she was treated as a criminal in the hotel. Then she left for Naples with fourteen suitcases. She had been followed by the undercover police from city to city during her journey. Maltide was very angry to these experiences at first. Then Pablo told her about his own experience. She realized everything just happened to her had already occurred on him many times. She got to know why Plabo became a communist. â€Å"He explained how, after his terrible experiences in that civil war, he returned to Chile and kept on fighting, writing about what he had witnessed in Spain. He was already considered the biggest communist of all and figured that â€Å"if protesting and denouncing injustice means being a communist, well alright then,† and he joined the party. He was always a communist, because the suffering of others hut him too much. While he was alive, he put his pen and his life in the service of the people. † (115) After the Maltide learned the reason why Plabo being a communist. She appreciated what he was doing. She admired his passion of helping all the people. Now she could accept being a communist and understand its fight. These experiences deepened Plabo and Maltide’s love because they could know each other even more. However, Pablo’s heart was painful for dragging Maltide into his own sufferings. â€Å" Pablo laughed until he cried as I told him about the Italian police, especially since Pablo had considered me the most politically ignorant woman he ever knew. But I was his love, and from that moment forward, I would take on all that he did and face all the difficulties in his life with him. † (155) Maltide was happy to see Pablo blaming himself for not being able to protect her. They both consider each other very much. Therefore, Maltide made up her mind to dedicate herself to follow Pablo’s path and fight with him together. She didn’t care how dangerous it would be as she was so strong in her love. The poem addressed the changes of Maltide’s life and Pablo encouraged her to take the challenges with their faith of love. In the memoir, Maltide’s talked about her experiences and her own feeling. She started to learn about the adversities of being a soldier’s love. She would stay with Plabo all they way and fight with him. She would use action to respond his poem.

PSY 364 Human Development Lecture Notes Essay Example

PSY 364 Human Development Lecture Notes Essay Example PSY 364 Human Development Lecture Notes Essay PSY 364 Human Development Lecture Notes Essay Development: (+) or (-) changes in life Patterns of continuities and change (includes growth and decline) 3 ways we develop: Partly like most individuals (biologically) Partly like others (small group experience) Ex: death ofa parent Partly like no others Ex: certain childhood experience BROAD DOMAINS OF DEVELOPMENT: Physical Cognitive (glass of water) Psychosocial (how we deal with emotions) Definitions of development: Growth: physical changes from birth to maturity (biological changes) Aging: (+) and (-) changes in the mature organism Maturation: biological unfolding of individual genetic plan Learning: relatively permanent changes due to environmental experiences. Age grades: socially defined age groups Ex: children, infants, elderly etc.. Each comes with its own privilege/responsibility Very gradual process Age norms: behavioral expectations of age groups Ex: expect children to attend school Social clock: when things SHOULD be done Ex: having children by a certain age. Off-time experiences are more difficult not expecting (parent death, teen pregnancy) Traditional approach: extensive change from birth to adolescence, little to no change in adulthood. Decline in old age. Modern life-span approach: developmental change in childhood as well as adulthood. Gerontology: study of old age and aging. Before 1600: children viewed as mini adults Modern view: innocent/need protection Average life expectancy 1900s: 47 years Average life expectancy 2000: 77. 5 years Greater in whites by about 5 years Dont really know why the mind changes: BOTH! Nature vs. nurture debate Nature: heredity maturation and genes (biology) Nurture: learning, experience, cultural influence and environment (world experiences) GENETICS AND ENVIRONMENT INTERACT: Tyron (1942) Experiment on maze running in rats Selectively bred 2 lines of rats 1. Dull on how well they could run the maze 2. Bright kept environment the same Raised offspring in a rich or less enriched environment (wasnt much opportunity to learn how mazes worked less) Genetics idea: thought those from dull genetics line would simply do worse RESULTS: dull line did Just as well in enriched environment (now performed like bright rats) ECOLOGY OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: Bronfenbrenner: bioecological model (interactionist model) How nature and nurture interact to produce development 1 . Microsystem: immediate environment Ex: classes you attend etc.. 2. Mesosystem: relationships between Microsystems Ex: divorce parents might affect how you do in school. 3. Exosystem: Social systems NOT DIRECT Ex: dad had a bad day at work, and child feels this at home 4. Macrosystem: culture Chronosystem: changes occur in a time frame 3 goals of developmental psychology: 1. Description: Understanding what happens during development Individual differences 2. Explanation: Typical and individually different development 3. Optimization: How we can improve development Early Beginnings: Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Theory of evolution Use of baby biographies Kept records of how infants act Systematically understanding difference in children Stanley Hall (1844-1924) Questionnaire methodology with children 1st to coin that adolescence is a period of storm and stress. Alfred Binet 1st IQ tests (Halls work to the next level) attempt to get a stable estimate of childs intelligence jean Piaget (1896-1980) Focused on cognitive theories of development Modern life span perspective: saltes (1987): 7 key assumptions of modern-life span perspectives Life long (always undergoing change) Gain and loss and lifelong plasticity Historical/cultural contests, multiple influence Multidisciplinary studies Scientific approach: Theory: set of concepts and propositions that describe and explain some aspect of behavior. Hypothesis: theoretical predictions that can be tested by collecting data. Random sample (vs. convenience): identify all members of the larger population and select by random means. Ex: theoretically correct way: List of all people from ages 70 in the entire world then select random people to study. Ex: convenient: Wars to do random sampling but much easier Political poles Data collection: (3 methods) 1 . Verbal-reports: interview, questionnaires, tests Strengths: Gathers large amounts of data Simple Direct answers Limitations: Interpretation of questions (age differences) Issues of honesty and accuracy Ability to read/comprehend speech Ex: cant give interview to infant or young children m e a ities to describe what they are thinking. 2. Behavioral Observations: Naturalistic: Advantage: natural setting Disadvantage: conditions are not controlled Ex: raining when studying in playgrounds Structured (Lab) Advantage: conditions controlled Disadvantage: difficult to generalize to natural settings 3. Psychophysiological methods: examine relationship between physiological responses and behavior Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI): measure rain activity during cognitive tasks Ex: what does the brain do when you tell a story Heart rate: compared to baseline, decrease may indicate interest. EEG: brain wave activity, showing arousal states; stimulus detection. Cortisol: Stress hormone STRENGTHS: most responses are hard to fake (brain activity, cortisol levels) WEAKNESS: some responses are hard to interpret Ex: high interest is associated with a slower heartbeat, but so is a state of calm. Need multiple converging measures: Verbal reports and physiological measures Unique challenges in developmental research: Infants and young children: Attention, instruction, answering questions may be difficult Elderly Adults: Possible sensory impairments Discomfort being studied, tested Adult aging research problem: Want to study reading comprehension in older adults and compare it to younger adults Consider for experiment: Vision impairments Slower What would you do to equate younger and older? Give older adults more time to read the test Seeing the text: increase the font or let participants choose fonts Does your method of equating influence your interpretation? Going to seem artificial and created age effects to equate for these different things Made reading situation very strange The scientific (experimental method) 3 critical features! 1 . Manipulation of independent variable change things and see how this change effects behavior ex: 2 diff detergents, tide or other (change situation) to see the difference. Diff. study techniques, better grade? . Random assignment of individuals to treatment conditions ex: medicine helps people get better from colds quicker, placebo and medicine are assigned to Sep. Experimental control control how much tutoring and when. Rather than Just asking how do you study? Come up with a pile of random methods, this way you can control what is happening in study. Quasi-Experiment: No random assignment cant tell if there is a causal relationshi p between, only compare between the groups. Ex: cannot experimentally manipulate race, gender, handedness, morning vs. ight person. Race cannot cause difference in IQ Older adults have worse verbal memory than younger adults 7 year olds read more slowly than 12 year olds. Experience with language, and less education than 12 year olds. Assign 7 year olds to lots of tutoring in language to get them both at the same level to make no differences CAUSAL EFFECT IS EXPOSURE TO LANGUAGE The correlational Method (systematic relationship) differences = correlation Determine if 2 or more variables are related. Correlation: a measure of a relationship Can range from +1. to -1. 0 Positive: variables move in the same direction Negative: variables move in opposite direction (as one goes up the other goes down) No relationship correlation is O. Cannot establish a causal relationship. Age, cohort and time of measurement effects: Age effects: changes which occur due to age (biology) grey hair Cohor t effects: Born in one historical context Changes due to differences in society Disadvantage of cross-sectional design. Time of measurement effects: historical Take place at time of data collection Disadvantage of longitudinal design Developmental research designs (CLS) 1 . Cross-sectional designs: +1 cohorts or age-groups studied 1 time of testing Studying age differences at any one time Cohort effects! (cohort and age effects are confounded) Provides no data on individual development 2. Longitudinal designs: 1 cohort +1 time of testing study changes across time in one cohort Costly and time consuming Practice ettects and selective attrition Age effects and time or measurement are confounded. Sequential designs: A combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal designs Advantages of both designs: Gives information about: Which age-related trends are age effects? Which age-related trends are truly cohort effects? Which age-related trends are a result of historical events? Have initial group and track them across time: 30, 40, 50 then later select a new group from a different cohort then keep going. End up with diff. ohorts to show different cohorts (time periods) cohort effect Gender beliefs will change in 2000 than in 1950s etc.. LIMITATION: hard to do Cultural and sub cultural sensitivity in research: Variety of contexts considered- cohort effects Culturally sensitive methods and measurements data needs to generalize what opulation you are interested in. SES particularly important Ethnocentrism: not designing studies only relevant to their ethnicity Research Ethics: Must protect participants from any physical or psychological harm. Prisoner/guard study Everyone got really into it, guards started to become very brutal. Came up with all sorts of punishments. Science must be ethical Informed consent: participants need to know all risks and benefits upfront. Debriefing: tell participants about the study afterward. Ex: milgrim, it was an actor screaming. Protection from harm If experiment does cause temporary discomfort or distress, safeguards must be given o monitor participants and intervene against long term effects. Ex: hubbard et al (2002) Children provoked to become angry after another child cheats at a game Parents observe through mirror Children played a second game that was rigged for them to win Debriefed Children got to know the actor All data always kept confidential Ensured by: pre-research approved by the internal review board Health insurance portability and accountability act of 1996 (HIPPA) WYNN (1992) outside reading dolls added and removed in case Purpose: Whether infants have arithmetical knowledge Goal is to test between 2 hypotheses: . Infants can do addition and subtraction using individuated numerical representations 2. Intants can make comparisons ot numbers using general perceptual impressions of amount or quantity (more plausible) Task: Looking time procedure Infants look longer at unexpected events Pre-Test: Showed final displays rather than both Just to see if infants like looking at one or two objects more. Predictions: If infants can do addition and subtraction, infants would look at the incorrect answer longer, surprising, should be one rather than 2 or vice versa Difference at the 2 doll s 1 doll display should be larger in the 2-1 group than the 1+1 group Results: Infants notice differences but still cant tell if this is because of mathematical skill or just noticing differences Experiment 3: Maybe infants know that an arithmetical operation results in numerical change, but cannot compute the exact result Know 1+1 equals more but not 2 Same as 1+1 condition and land 2 but Result scenes either have 2 or 3 dolls If infants do arithmetic, they will look longer at 3 doll compared to 2 doll condition. If they Just use perceptual impressions to determent the new amount is different, then looking times should be equal. RESULTS: Pretest: really no difference in looking time Test: look longer at 3 doll display Infants are doing math dont believe this May know objects but numerically might n ot know meee CONCLUSION: Infants count items in the display and perform arithmetic Infants born with innate ability to do simple addition and subtraction Introduction: Purpose of the study: Problem statement: Should identify what aspect of human cognition is being studied. Provide a general description and indicate why it is important Goal statement: Identify and explicitly state the specific goals of the study Theory/hypotheses and predictions: Most articles focus on one or more theories that are being tested Identify and describe these theories and hypotheses Identify and list any predictions that the authors make about results of the study Experiment: Describe the procedure and design of the study including the following information. The task Critical independent variables Dependent measures Results and conclusion: State the effects and pattern of data State significant effects Explain the effects Describe authors conclusions Explain implications ot the study References page: APA format Include paper you are reviewing as well as any other papers you cite.

Water Erosion Degrading The Land in Australia †Science Essay

Water Erosion Degrading The Land in Australia – Science Essay Free Online Research Papers Water Erosion Degrading The Land in Australia Science Essay This essay will explore the topic of water erosion. Water erosion means the removal of soil by water. In this essay, I want to investigate the answers to the following questions. First, this essay will talk about what it is and why does it happen. Second, this essay will talk about what effect and where does it occur. Third, this essay will try to understand what has been done and is being done to control erosion. Water erosion is the most common type of land degradation affecting Australia. It could be divided into 4 types. Sheet Erosion is the removal of a fairly uniform layer of soil from the land surface by raindrop splash or runoff. After the gully erosion land surface is runoff by water and it makes large cannels in the landscape. Tunnel erosion remove the sub-surface soil while the soil surface remains act, and landslip is the removal of the soil mass downhill under the force of gravity. This water erosion happens because of heavy rainfall. The effect of the water erosion is usually damage to vegetation. Loss of top soil and fertility, reduced plant growth, loss of area for farming could be main problems of water erosion. Water erosion mostly happen in bald area. Plants prevent soils from being swept away because their roots hold the soil. The area which animals ate and trample the grasses. Once again, the bare soil is vulnerable to water or wind. Water erosion can be minimized by using contour banks and vegetation cover. Gully erosion can be controlled by grassed waterway. A grassed waterway is a wide, shallow grassed channel that can carry a large volume of water quickly down a steep slope. Drop structures are constructed along waterways to drop water to lower elevations without causing erosion. Water erosion has 4 main types and happens because water removes the soil. Its effect is the damage to the soil. The damage makes vegetation to fail. Water erosion usually occurs in bare soil. There are several tries to cure the erosion. I wanted to find it to, but I couldn’t. Research Papers on Water Erosion Degrading The Land in Australia - Science EssayAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementThe Spring and AutumnThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationMind TravelThe Hockey GameHip-Hop is ArtWhere Wild and West MeetRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andCapital PunishmentStandardized Testing

The words heal Essay Example

The words heal Essay Example The words heal Essay The words heal Essay 1991). And He closed the book, gave it back to the attendant and sat down; and the eyes of all in the synagogue were fixed on Him. And He began to say to them, Today this Scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing (Luke 4:18-21). Luke includes all of the healing events in Mark except Mark 6:45-8:26. The healing ministry of Jesus points to the arrival of the kingdom of God as promised in the Old Testament. Christ healed men not only of bodily diseases but also of demon possession. With the coming of Christ the Satanic powers were subject to His power and spoken word. They glimpse the splendour of Christ the King as He casts out demons. Here is evidence the kingdom has come (Clowes et al, 1817). Jesus trained His disciples, empowered them and sent them out to minister to the needy. His disciples were empowered with Holy Spirit and they went into the cities and towns and proclaim the love of God to the sick, poor and needy. Encourage people to live 3 good and healthy lifestyles in order to keep their health. They also teach and also heal the sick in the name of the God. Without fear of their lives they often go into the foreign countries and do ministerial work. They often adapted to the new environment by adopting their cultures, beliefs and values. By doing so they get acquainted with people concern hence provide better service to them. The Gospel of John has only four examples of Jesus healing ministry even though John was with Jesus during the three year ministry. Jesus healed the royal officials sick son at Capernaum, the cripple who had been helpless for 38 years, the man blind from birth, and  rising of Lazarus from the dead. These miracles were attesting signs pointing to Jesus as the Son of God. (Bosworth, et al, 1973). Therefore many other signs Jesus also performed in the presence of the disciples, which are not written in this book; but these have been written so that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God; and that believing you may have life in His name (John 20:30-31). The healing ministry was a ministry of proclamation of the kingdom of God. The kingdom had arrived with the coming of the King. When Christ returns we will see the consummation of the kingdom of God. There will be the manifestation of the glory of the King and His reign. The healing ministry of Jesus is simply the outworking of His majesty and power. In Matthew 8:16-17, quoting Isaiah 53:4 we see the Suffering Servant of the LORD is fulfilling the Old Testament prophecies by His healing miracles. The healings give evidence that He is the Anointed of the LORD. This is a necessary element of His messianic work. This is why He has the authority to heal on the Sabbath (Borg, Marcus and Wright. 1999). 4 What Jesus began to do in His first coming He continues to do through His Body, the church (Acts 1:1-8). This is the work of the Holy Spirit in the Body. The main emphasis of Acts is on proclamation. The disciples of Jesus went about doing what Jesus was doing by proclaiming the good news of Jesus and calling men to put their faith in the risen Christ. People were healed in the name of Jesus. The apostles Peter and John healed a poor lame beggar. But when Peter saw this, he replied to the people, Men of Israel, why are you amazed at this, or why do you gaze at us, as if by our own power or piety we had made him walk? (Borg et al, 1999). The God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, the God of our fathers, has glorified His servant  Jesus, the one whom you delivered and disowned in the presence of Pilate, when he had decided to release Him. But you disowned the Holy and Righteous One and asked for a murderer to be granted to you, but put to death the Prince of life, the one whom God raised from the dead, and a fact to which we are witnesses. And on the basis of faith in His name, it is the name of Jesus which has strengthened this man whom you see and know; and the faith which comes through Him has given him this perfect health in the presence of you all (Acts 3:12-16). This is the thrust of the healing done by the apostles in Acts. The stress is upon the  resurrection of Jesus Christ. The risen Christ is doing these things (Acts of the Apostles 1911). The authorities could not silence the apostles. They wouldnt shut up talking about the resurrection of Jesus Christ. And now, Lord, take note of their threats, and grant that Your bond-servants may speak Your word with all confidence, while You extend Your hand to heal, and signs and wonders take place through the name of Your holy servant Jesus (Acts 4:29- 30). Peter healed Aeneas and raised Tabitha from the dead. Philip, the lay evangelist went about preaching the gospel and healing the sick and the unclean spirits. Remember, he was one of the first deacons in Acts 6. The apostle Paul went about preaching and establishing 5 new churches, healed the sick, cast out demons, and raised Eutychus from dead after he went to sleep and fell out a window and died during Pauls sermon. I think it is important to note that Paul says very little about healings in his letters (Acts of the Apostles 1911). In 1 Corinthians 12:9, 28 Paul wrote about the gift of healing. The word healing, literally healings (plural) can refer to various healings such as emotional as well as physical ailments by natural as well as miraculous means. The context determines the interpretation. The context of this passage teaches that not every believer is given all these gifts, and that God is sovereign in His distribution of gifts for the edification of the body (Andrew et al , 1982). The Bible reveals that God not only advocates health, but He actually abhors or hates sickness. Leviticus 21 clearly reveals that God would not allow sickness in His presence, which in those days was in the temple. Now, in New Testament times, our bodies are His temple. According to 1 Corinthians 3:16: â€Å"Don’t you know that you yourselves are God’s  temple and that God’s Spirit lives in you? † If you are sick, the fact that God hates sickness does not mean that you are unworthy or that He hates you. He just hates the sickness that you have, because it is not from Him It is His perfect will to heal you and for you to be in health (3 John 2) (Bosworth et al , 1973). In Old Testament passages such as Deuteronomy chapter 28 where it appears that God is putting sickness on people, Jim Glennon (1980) explains that the nuance of the Hebrew wording shows that because of the people’s disobedience, the text really means that God is â€Å"caused to allow† the sicknesses. Our behaviour can â€Å"cause him to allow† sickness to come upon us, even though it is not His perfect will. For example, suffering from AIDS is not his will, but if man indulges in promiscuous behaviour by his own free will, which God will not 6 violate, God is caused to allow AIDS. Man has brought it upon himself, as did the ancient Israelites. Rebellion against God and His commands can cause him to remove his protective shield over us, such as promised in Psalm 91 and elsewhere, and allow the natural consequences. However, do not despair if you have a disease caused by sin. If you confess your sin to God, His grace and mercy can still provide your forgiveness and healing. Other reasons for sickness are: (1) Some people abuse their bodies, using harmful substances, or not allowing enough rest; (2) excessive stress; and (3) some people do not provide the body with nutritious food, often substituting junk or processed food. Much modern commercial food is deficient in nutrients and contains chemical additives, such as hormones and antibiotics in excessive exposure to meat and dairy products, and  environmental pollutants (Counsels on Health, 1923. ) Also, many people violate God’s food guidelines in the Bible and still expect to remain healthy. Examples are in Leviticus chapter 11, no longer a legal requirement but still the wisdom of God. Paul said, Everything is permissible but not everything is beneficial (1 Corinthians 10:23). God’s law of sowing and reaping always applies, but His grace transcends our past mistakes. Allow God to show you any area that needs attention. When sick people came to Jesus and asked to be healed, He did not reject them nor refer them to the doctors. He did not ask them to make an appointment with Luke because he is a doctor. God uses doctors, who can be especially helpful with things like fractures and wounds. Those in healing ministries usually encourage the sick not to ignore proper medical attention, nor to stop their medications, possibly to protect themselves against lawsuits, but also maybe wisdom in many cases. It is not necessarily a lack of faith to see a doctor, and your healing will be a witness to the doctor of God’s power (The Ministry of Healing, 1905). 7 However, be careful, because doctors’ three main methods slash, burn and poison  often do more harm than good: (1) slash (surgery, often dangerous and mutilating), (2) burn (radiation, with bad side effects) and (3) poison (drugs, most all with bad side effects that you may not be told about). If Jesus tarries, I believe someday current medical practices will be considered primitive and outrageous. More people are refusing these highly invasive and potentially harmful medical procedures and are opting to trust God, and perhaps also using natural alternatives. Even many medical doctors have become disenchanted with the failures of their profession and are turning to alternative (complimentary) medicine. Studies show that doctor and healthcare mistakes are the third leading cause of death in the world, whereas God has never made a mistake. (Jim Glennon ,1980). To conclude, Jesus set a foundation for all of us to follow in our Christian journey. He healed the sick, feed the hungry, and teach the people on how to care for themselves. During his ministry on earth, he had endured many challenges in terms of health. People often coming with all sorts of problem with the hope that he will heal them. He performed miracles and also raised death and gave them the second chance to live. As future nurse of this  country, the challenge is whether we will go and minister to the sick, lame and broken hearted like Jesus did or we will hide our identity as Christ chosen generation to work in his field. 8 Reference Pilch, John J, (1991). Sickness and Healing in Luke’s Acts: The social world of Luke’s Acts. Peabody MA: Hendricksons Publishers. The Acts of the Apostles. (1911). Mountain View, CA: Pacific Press Publishing Association, Borg, Marcus J. , and N. T. Wright. (1999). The Healing of Jesus: Two Visions. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. Counsels on Health. (1923. ) Mountain View, CA: Pacific Press Publishing Association,  Davies, Stevan L. , (1995). Jesus the Healer: Possession, Trance and the Origins of Christianity. New York: Continuum Publishing Company. The Ministry of Healing. (1905). Mountain View, CA: Pacific Press Publishing Association, F. F. Bosworth, Fleming H. Revell. , (1973). Christ the Healer. Grand Rapids, MI) The Holy Bible. (1985) . Mountain View, CA: Pacific Press Publishing Association Andrew M and Whitaker H, (1982, Divine Healing. New Kinsington: PA. Jim Glennon (1980). Your Healing is Within You. South Plainfield, NJ: Bridge Publishing. Clowes S and John H, (1817). The Miracles of Jesus Christ. Manchester, UK: J. Gleave.

Why do you think American film dominance the world Assignment

Why do you think American film dominance the world - Assignment Example The success can also be attributed to good governance in the United States with policies favorable for movie development. Also, American films have relatively higher presence in foreign markets while films of other countries have low presence in the United States. This can be attributed to the fact that Americans have higher preference for American movies to foreign ones, which consolidates the home market for the benefit of domestic movie producers. As such, the high volume of American movies in foreign markets gives them the power to command the global film industry. Also reduced trade barriers in countries like China during 1990s helped American movies to invade and increase their presence in foreign markets. Further, adequate presentation of American movies on video relative to foreign movies has also resulted into their global dominance. Increased availability of American movies to global television industry has also reinforced their dominance. Despite the fact that many film producing countries like China have achieved milestones in the movie industries; the global prevalence of American films has enabled American movies to grab significant portions of their domestic

Roles of regulatory, and accreditation agencies Essay

Roles of regulatory, and accreditation agencies - Essay Example Other than education, they also facilitate social changes among the people they are targeting. The social change ensures that the people are able to live a better lifestyle which ensures and enhances quality health care for themselves and their offsprings hence securing even the future generation. They also team up with the government in providing greater access to quality healthcare through health programs that they initiate and follow up to ensure their success to the people at all levels be it local, national or global (Skolnik, 2012, p. 196). Politics in especially African countries is very influential and enables get together a lot of people. The organizations and agencies use the politicians to gather large crowds of people in the target area especially the grassroots level and they teach them about healthcare. The same politics is in-charge of making legislation and policies and hence by teaming up with them, the agencies are sure to influence them to pass health care policies that will be beneficial to the population. The policies are passed at both the state and national level and their success is adopted and replicated globally. Politics come into play also because people are more likely to listen to political leaders they elected and whom they believe hold the power to assist them and will, therefore, most likely follow to the letter what the politician advice. The politicians are therefore in this case used as lobbyists for the health care agencies (Silviu, 2010, pp. 4-6).

Career planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Career planning - Essay Example I am majoring in accounting with my previous major being computer science, which means that I am endowed with strong and extensive computer skills and problem solving abilities. Upon graduation at the end of this year, I intend to seek employment with a public accounting firm within a period of one year. This will help boost and advance my accounting knowledge and skills. Now, I want to develop a formidable base with regard to my experience through exposure to a comprehensive range of business fields. I want to acquire focused expertise in accounting, but at the same time maintain career flexibility so that I am not inclined to pursue only a single career line. Attaining these short-term objectives will act as a stepping stone and will guide me towards attaining my long-term ambitions. Work location and remuneration will not be an impediment to my quest to gain skill and experience. In the short-term, I would like to continue working for the public accounting firm. I will attend a graduate school as a pert time student while working. As I work and concurrently attend school, I hope that my skills and experience will greatly be enhanced, and the achievement of my short-term goals will then propel me to the next level of my career. I intend to sit for and pass CPA exams in five years. Furthering my education and experience will give me a competitive advantage. In the long-term, I intend to keep on climbing the corporate ladder, and later work for the company as an accountant. It is my desire to conclude my professional career by retiring on a peak note. I also intend to sit for and pass the CFA exams. This will provide me with a wide choice of career options. I would like to a long, comfortable and illustrious career life, and thereafter a simple post employment retirement life. I will obtain immense satisfaction from knowing that I touched people’s lives and

Recommendations for a Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Recommendations for a Company - Case Study Example Your firm is rather new in the market. Still, it should be carefully structured and monitored so that failures are identified early and appropriate solutions are given. Most important, the time spent on recovering from failures should be minimized otherwise there would be no time left for focusing on the firm’s expansion, a problem that you have already faced. As a leader, you have to emphasize on keeping the firm’s productivity at high levels (Schermerhorn 2011). You also have to ensure that the resources available are used appropriately so that organizational performance is high as possible (Schermerhorn 2011). In general, the management of organizations is based on four, key, functions: ‘a) planning, b) organizing, c) leading and d) controlling’ (Daft & Marcic 2012, p.9). This means that the leader who aims to secure the success of his business has to be able to respond to the demands of all the above management functions. Apart from the above functions, of particular importance for modern organizations is ‘the achievement of organizational goals’ (Dyck & Neubert 2008, p.7). ... In this way, the mistakes made will be identified and measures can be proposed for avoiding similar problems in the future. In regard to the mission statement of the organization the following comments could be made: a) although the mission statement responds to a basic need of the local market, i.e. the need for convenient accounting services, it seems to suffer at the following point: it does not refer, either directly or indirectly, to credibility, as a criterion of the services provided by the organization. In the specific sector, credibility is quite important at the level that any failure could lead to high penalties for the customer/ taxpayer. Therefore, the firm’s mission statement could be possible alternated. The phrase: ‘Credible management of your finances’ could be possible preferred instead of the firm’s existing mission statement: ‘Have laptop, will travel’; b) in its current form, the firm’s mission statement is related t o another problem: the mission statement is not supported by appropriate strategies, so that the statement’s enforcement becomes problematic. As noted above, planning is one of the key management functions (Daft & Marcic 2012). This means that each firm’s leader has the responsibility for the identification and the promotion of the firm’s mission statement, as also of the firm’s strategies and ethical rules. This means that you have to take measures for ensuring that the mission statement reflects the organization’s capabilities, as revealed through the firm’s performance. At the same time, you need to ensure that the firm is able to respond to the challenges that the above mission statement sets, i.e. the provision

Phase 4 Discussion Board Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Phase 4 Discussion Board - Essay Example Yes, I would switch to the Visa Student Card. This is because the interest charged using the Visa Student Card of $270 is lower compared to the interest charged using my existing credit card of $412.50. Most important, I would switch to any credit card that offers lower interest rate on my purchases after six months taking in account that the credit cards offers an interest rate of 0% on all purchases and balance transfers for six months. In case of Open-End Credit, a borrower can continue to borrow (purchase) and pay in various amounts. In case of Closed-End Credit, the lender tells the borrower how much they can borrow and a fee schedule is set up, which the borrower pays until the debt is paid off. In general, Open-End Credit is for small purchases and Closed-End Credit is for bigger purchase. Credit card purchases are an example of Open-End Credit and a Car loan taken is an example of Closed-End Credit. Many large appliance stores offer simple interest loans to their customers. For example, suppose a customer is interested in purchasing a $1,400.00 refrigerator at Myer Appliances. The customer is unable to pay the total amount at the time of purchase, so Myer’s lets the customer make a down payment of $140 and then 12 monthly payments of $120.75.   Suppose that you are unable to pay the total amount for your appliance at the time of purchase, so you take out a simple interest loan. The store will let you make a 10% down payment and then make 12 equal monthly payments for the remaining balance at a simple interest rate of

SWOT Analysis for coach inc in 2012 its strategy in the accessible Case Study

SWOT Analysis for coach inc in 2012 its strategy in the accessible luxury good market - Case Study Example The company aimed at attaining the strategic priorities through increasing market share in North America through opening new distribution outlets and increasing the products targeted towards men. The company would also increase the online sales and raise brand awareness in markets with low penetration such as South America (Gamble & Eastburn, p 289). One of the strengths is the widespread distribution network that includes wholesale retailers and factory stores. The company has approximately 970 wholesale locations in North American market, 169 retail outlets in Japan, 66 stores in China and other international wholesale outlets in 18 countries. The effective distribution network is essential in creating customer efficiency, enhancing brand awareness and penetrating new markets thus will enable the company to attain higher sales volumes in the future. Currently, Coach has a wide geographic coverage and strong global distribution capabilities due to partnering with wholesale retailers in different countries (Gamble & Eastburn, p 297). The company has a reputation for quality and differentiated products that meet the current product trends and consumer desires. The company uses the highest-quality leathers and has established quality sourcing agreements with the overseas third parties (Gamble & Eastburn, 2014). The company has excellent customer service capabilities that include wide range of direct marketing activities such as websites, catalogs, and brochures. The company is capable of collecting and storing current and potential customer information in order to understand the changing customer tastes and respond effectively through offering products that meet the changing customer expectations. For instance, Coach increased the customer contacts by 52 percent in 2011 to over 625 million contacts (Gamble & Eastburn, 2014). Coach has good supply chain management capabilities that ensure high quality

Recommendations for a Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Recommendations for a Company - Case Study Example Your firm is rather new in the market. Still, it should be carefully structured and monitored so that failures are identified early and appropriate solutions are given. Most important, the time spent on recovering from failures should be minimized otherwise there would be no time left for focusing on the firm’s expansion, a problem that you have already faced. As a leader, you have to emphasize on keeping the firm’s productivity at high levels (Schermerhorn 2011). You also have to ensure that the resources available are used appropriately so that organizational performance is high as possible (Schermerhorn 2011). In general, the management of organizations is based on four, key, functions: ‘a) planning, b) organizing, c) leading and d) controlling’ (Daft & Marcic 2012, p.9). This means that the leader who aims to secure the success of his business has to be able to respond to the demands of all the above management functions. Apart from the above functions, of particular importance for modern organizations is ‘the achievement of organizational goals’ (Dyck & Neubert 2008, p.7). ... In this way, the mistakes made will be identified and measures can be proposed for avoiding similar problems in the future. In regard to the mission statement of the organization the following comments could be made: a) although the mission statement responds to a basic need of the local market, i.e. the need for convenient accounting services, it seems to suffer at the following point: it does not refer, either directly or indirectly, to credibility, as a criterion of the services provided by the organization. In the specific sector, credibility is quite important at the level that any failure could lead to high penalties for the customer/ taxpayer. Therefore, the firm’s mission statement could be possible alternated. The phrase: ‘Credible management of your finances’ could be possible preferred instead of the firm’s existing mission statement: ‘Have laptop, will travel’; b) in its current form, the firm’s mission statement is related t o another problem: the mission statement is not supported by appropriate strategies, so that the statement’s enforcement becomes problematic. As noted above, planning is one of the key management functions (Daft & Marcic 2012). This means that each firm’s leader has the responsibility for the identification and the promotion of the firm’s mission statement, as also of the firm’s strategies and ethical rules. This means that you have to take measures for ensuring that the mission statement reflects the organization’s capabilities, as revealed through the firm’s performance. At the same time, you need to ensure that the firm is able to respond to the challenges that the above mission statement sets, i.e. the provision

SWOT Analysis for coach inc in 2012 its strategy in the accessible Case Study

SWOT Analysis for coach inc in 2012 its strategy in the accessible luxury good market - Case Study Example The company aimed at attaining the strategic priorities through increasing market share in North America through opening new distribution outlets and increasing the products targeted towards men. The company would also increase the online sales and raise brand awareness in markets with low penetration such as South America (Gamble & Eastburn, p 289). One of the strengths is the widespread distribution network that includes wholesale retailers and factory stores. The company has approximately 970 wholesale locations in North American market, 169 retail outlets in Japan, 66 stores in China and other international wholesale outlets in 18 countries. The effective distribution network is essential in creating customer efficiency, enhancing brand awareness and penetrating new markets thus will enable the company to attain higher sales volumes in the future. Currently, Coach has a wide geographic coverage and strong global distribution capabilities due to partnering with wholesale retailers in different countries (Gamble & Eastburn, p 297). The company has a reputation for quality and differentiated products that meet the current product trends and consumer desires. The company uses the highest-quality leathers and has established quality sourcing agreements with the overseas third parties (Gamble & Eastburn, 2014). The company has excellent customer service capabilities that include wide range of direct marketing activities such as websites, catalogs, and brochures. The company is capable of collecting and storing current and potential customer information in order to understand the changing customer tastes and respond effectively through offering products that meet the changing customer expectations. For instance, Coach increased the customer contacts by 52 percent in 2011 to over 625 million contacts (Gamble & Eastburn, 2014). Coach has good supply chain management capabilities that ensure high quality

Muslim Women In Today’s World Essay Example for Free

Muslim Women In Today’s World Essay It is true that Muslim women are now discovering freedom from their old traditions and today the veil, as it is often called by the Western population has adopted many meanings for the Muslim woman. Some Muslims think of the veil as a symbol of modesty, while others place a huge emphasis on the hijab as a religious statement by Muslims. Many Americans pull back from the image of the way Muslims dress and think of it as a sign of terrorism and aggression which targets people who aren‘t Muslims, while some feminists, who are mainly American, while many Muslims, view the hijab with other signs of significance, which is the oppression and control of Muslim women. Ideas about Muslim women have been born by television programs that display women in Afghanistan, who are shrouded in a burqa, while being beaten because they are showing an ankle or a portion of their skin. Many Muslim men also are expected to dress in a modest style, wearing a turban, and other flowing garments. The way women Muslims dress is seen as sign of the larger restrictions they have to abide by in many under Muslim countries. About 10 % of the Muslim women population wears the veil or hijab. We realize that these amounts may be increasing while more people change to the Islamic religion. Its not for certain how many Muslim women wear the hijab out of the 10,000 Muslim women. Almost every Muslim woman who is asked, say that wearing the hijab was a decision they reached on their own. The Quran which is the Muslim holy book doesnt mandate that all Muslim women wear coverings on their heads. We learn from the Quran 4:124 that, â€Å"Misinformation and misconception about Muslim women proliferate in the world today among non-Muslims and Muslims. I hope that instead of falling into the typical stereotypes and cultural innovation, the information here will pique your interest and help you to understand the true stance Islam takes on gender issues and the role of women. † The topics concerning of women Muslim in Islam is extremely controversial. Various offerings and opinions about women Muslims must be should dealt with using caution due of the alternate opinions. We realize that the rights of Muslim women in the Quran and by the prophet Muhammad have made vast improvements when you compare the laws pertaining to women who live in Arabia before the change of Islam which was only after the death of the Prophet, while the rules directed at the women in Islam started to decrease, then turn back to the pre-Islamic ways. While the womens movement of the West started to increase in strength, during the twentieth century we know that the exact event took place, in the lives of the Muslims. Feminists who fight for the rights of women in the Muslim world during the twentieth century, up until around the 1980’s, usually were women with money. These modern day Muslim women used their feminism that was molded after the feminists who were from the West. The modern Muslims world that was brought on prior to the colonial period which was in the twentieth century began to turn from the Western models that were evident in society. The feminism that was apparent in the Muslim world started adopt Islamic styles that mocked the Western feminist ideas. This pertains not only to Muslim women. It pertains to all women throughout the whole portion of the third world. After removing the restraints that were present during the colonial imperialism, Muslim females living in the third world are growing rapidly, resistant against the cultural imperialism sold by Westerners. Women who live in the third world are finally coming to the conclusion that even though they have many ideas that are similar, because of the hard fight of Euro-American feminists, we realize that what is best for Euro-American women isn’t, of course, going to be the best solution for Muslim women. Muslim women have lately started to develop a Islamic feminism that was molded from the growing concerns of the higher classed Euro American females. The variances between Western feminism and Islamic feminism deals with the topic of the veil. The veil is a scarf or head covering that is usually worn by female Muslims. Many people view this veil as oppressive to women; a sign of a female Muslims obedience. It is often a surprise to Western feminists when they see that the hijab has started to become common throughout the Muslim world. You can see the veil worn by college women who display the veil as an important symbol of their Islamic identity. We learn from Islamic scholar, Dr. Zeenat Ali, that, (Zeenat, 2007) â€Å"The Mission of The New Muslim Woman is to help new Muslim women from all around the world in gaining knowledge about different issues in Islam from learning how to pray to the roles women have In Islam. We also learn that â€Å"The Mission of The New Muslim Woman is to help new Muslim women from all around the world in gaining knowledge about different issues in Islam from learning how to pray to the roles women have In Islam. Giving support and helping each other strive hard in pleasing our Rabb (Lord). Knowledge is the cure for ignorance. The more we learn and grow in our understanding of Islam, the more we can Insha Allah (God Willing) increase in Emaan(Faith). † We understand from listening to Isobel Coleman, that (Coleman, 2006)â€Å"The Mission of The New Muslim Woman is to help new Muslim women from all around the world in gaining knowledge about different issues in Islam from learning how to pray to the roles women have In Islam. Giving support and helping each other strive hard in pleasing our Rabb(Lord). Knowledge is the cure for ignorance. The more we learn and grow in our understanding of Islam, the more we can InshaAllah (God Willing) increase in Emaan (Faith). † We also understand that, â€Å"The Mission of The New Muslim Woman is to help new Muslim women from all around the world in gaining knowledge about different issues in Islam from learning how to pray to the roles women have In Islam. Giving support and helping each other strive hard in pleasing our Rabb (Lord). Knowledge is the cure for ignorance. The more we learn and grow in our understanding of Islam, the more we can InshaAllah (God Willing) increase in Emaan (Faith). † These criticisms are not without merit, and the ambiguity of the new constitution is a cause for concern. The centrality of Islamic law in the document, however, does not necessarily mean trouble for Iraqi women. In fact, sharia is open to a wide range of understanding, and across the Islamic world today, progressive Muslims are seeking to reinterpret its rules to accommodate a modern role for women. Iraqs constitution does not specify who will decide which version of Islam will prevail in the countrys new legal system. But the battle has already begun. Victory by the progressives would have positive implications for all aspects of the future of Iraq, since womens rights are critical to democratic consolidation in transitional and war-torn societies. Allowing a full social, political, and economic role for women in Iraq would help ensure its transition to a stable democracy. Success for women in Iraq would also reverberate throughout the broader Muslim world. In every country where sharia is enforced, womens rights have become a divisive issue, and the balance struck between tradition and equality in Iraq will influence these other debates. Prime Minister Tony Blair and author Salman Rushdie praised a British official on Tuesday for raising the difficult issue of whether Muslim women visiting his office should remove their veils. The comment by Jack Straw, a former foreign secretary who now is leader of the House of Commons, has plunged Britain into a debate over Islamic integration. Its important these issues are raised and discussed, and I think its perfectly sensible if you raise it in a measured and considered way, which he did, Blair said of Straw during an interview with British Broadcasting Corp. television outside his office. I think we can have these discussions without people becoming hysterical either way about it. Rushdie, (Rushdie, 1989) whose book The Satanic Verses, once led to death threats against him by Islamic clerics, told BBC radio that Straw was expressing an important opinion, which is that veils suck, which they do. I think the veil is a way of taking power away from women. Straw said in a newspaper column published Thursday that he believes the veils favored by some Muslim women inhibit communication and are a sign of division in society. At his constituency office, Straw said he asks that veiled women reveal their faces, adding that the women have always complied, and a female assistant is always present. On Friday, British media quoted Straw as going further, saying that he would prefer that Muslim women not wear veils at all. I just find it uncomfortable if Im trying to have a conversation with someone whose face I cant see, Straw told the BBC. Many Muslims in Straws parliamentary district of Blackburn, in northwestern England, reacted with outrage. The uproar also left many questioning whether Britains multicultural ideals can withstand the strains of a cultural divide that is increasingly tormenting much of Europe. The difficulty of the issue was obvious during the Blair interview when he was asked if he would prefer a Muslim woman he met took off her veil. Once led to death threats against him by Islamic clerics, he told BBC radio that Straw was expressing an important opinion, which is that veils suck, which they do. I think the veil is a way of taking power away from women. Straw said in a newspaper column published Thursday that he believes the veils favored by some Muslim women inhibit communication and are a sign of division in society. At his constituency office, Straw said he asks that veiled women reveal their faces, adding that the women have always complied, and a female assistant is always present. The difficulty of the issue was obvious during the Blair interview when he was asked if he would prefer a Muslim woman he met took off her veil. The veil represents a symbolic set of rules for the Muslim Woman and many choose to do away with the scarf, in order to voice their opinions about how they feel about wearing it, and the symbolic meaning behind the veil. We understand that, (Manarj, 1998)â€Å"There are some Muslims who make a big deal about trivial issues that border on ignorance. For example, we are told that the use of nail polish invalidates one’s ablution wudo hence, some women perform wudu before applying nail polish as a workaround. Also, we are told that perfume which may contain alcohol must not be applied to one’s skin, because it can get into the pores, and this is equivalent to drinking it (i. e. the alcohol); moreover, owning a TV or camera has also been deemed prohibited (haram) by some, and so on. In fact, there are those who do not tolerate anything that was not practiced or known to the inhabitants of seventh-century Arabia. These are strange ideas to associate with the most universal and rational religion in the world. Obviously, these alien notions fossilize Islam and constitute a serious misreading of the true Islamic messages. † There is a clear understanding that Muslim women think they must keep their bodies pure and by wearing nail polish and other feminine products, in some cases they feel that they are damaging their bodies by using harmful products. Modern Muslim women are changing their ideas about the way they live and dress as they adopt more western ideas and start to become modernized, in society. We learn that some of the most serious problems that we American Muslim women face include: domestic violence, abuse of divorce and child custody laws, abuse of the polygamy system, and isolation and exclusion from various aspects of Muslim life. We are going to provide a few anecdotal cases simply to illustrate the depth of the problems. We have given the women in the stories names to make it more personable, but their identities have been changed and their confidentiality is protected. The stories are shared simply to illustrate and give life to the specific suffering of American Muslim women today. These are true stories, these are real women who have suffered. These stories were compiled by speaking with Muslim community leaders, social workers, psychologists, lawyers, doctors, mostly in southern California, but throughout the United States. We also obtained information from a thing called Sistersnet, which is an E-mail network of Muslim women throughout the United States and other countries. But unfortunately, there is no database, there is no accurate information that exists as to the frequency of any of these abuses that occur. Further research of these issues is desperately needed Many Muslim are facing serious social changes as they mesh into society as a modern Muslim woman. They have came a long way from past traditions and have adopted a new way of thinking and style that reflects these changes. American Muslim women face many unique additional hurdles. We are discriminated against by both non-Muslims and Muslims in America. For instance, a woman who wears hijab, which is the traditional head-covering, is often taunted at work and on the street, and the careers of a lot of these women are actually jeopardizedthey are discriminated against at work and they are not given jobs. And, women who wear hijab in the United States are obvious targetsthey are obviously Muslims, and because of this they bear the brunt of the ignorance about Islam; they face sexual harassment, and often their actual physical safety is jeopardized. Muslims come from different backgrounds. In America, we have immigrant Muslims, who face a whole host of problems such as xenophobia. In the U. S. in recent times, there has been a growing hostility toward immigrants, and they are often erroneously blamed for all of the socio-economic problems that we face in the U. S. , and are harassed because of that. And we have a large African-American Muslim population, and they face additional hurdles, because being part of a racial minority in the United States, they have had to deal with the problems of racism, discrimination, segregation and the vestiges of slavery.

Developing Sensor Technology

Developing Sensor Technology Abstract The need for sensor devices has been growing to develop new applications in several technological fields. The current state-of-the-art of this sensor technology used in modern electronic nose designs to operate in a different manner. The chamber of the E-Nose sensor is to be upgraded mainly for reducing the nuisance alarms and to improve reliability to detect smoke which is caused by fire and non-fire particles. This paper gives a brief state of the art of different fire and non-fire particles that emits smoke and various chemical gas sensors used to detect smoke and a fire detection algorithm. Keywords- Sensors; Smoke; Electronic-Noses; Fire Detection Algorithm fire particles; non-fire particles Introduction The conception of an electronic nose could appear sort on an up-to-date technology. Scientists initial developed a synthetic nose within the 1930’s that used sensors to measure levels of ultra-violet light found in mercury. Currently these devices are employed in numerous technological fields for various applications. Presently these devices used as trendy fireplace detection frameworks for the simultaneous estimations of carbon monoxide gas (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and smoke. The concentration of the rates of CO and CO2 in smoke offers a path to cut back the frequency of nuisance alarms so as to extend the reliability of smoke detectors. The sensors that square measures incorporated during this fireplace sighting system at the side of fire detection algorithmic rule detect smoke that is caused by fire or non-fire particles, and alarmed accordingly. Previous fire detection systems used sensors for measuring temperature, smoke, and combustion products which include oxygen (O2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor (H2O), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), acetylene (C2H2), and nitric oxide (NO) but they does not give any reliable results. Some used Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) along with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy analyzed smoke [1]. Advances in fire detection systems are being sought to decrease the detection time and the frequency of unnecessary alarms. Most of the research works done with the Multi-Sensor Detectors for accomplishing these goals because there may have some trouble in using smoke detectors with a single sensor to discriminate the smoke produced from fire and non-fire sources. The 95% frequency of unnecessary alarms reported by smoke detectors during the 1980’s in the U.S. is due to that limitation. Section 1 briefly introduces the Fire Detection System incorporated in an Electronic-Nose and different Gas Sensors that detects smoke in Section 2. Later, section 3 gives a brief description about the Fire and Non-Fire Particles and how the sensory system is designed in an E-Nose for preventing Fire accidents in section 4. Finally, we concluded in Section 5. Chemical Gas Sensors The environment needs to be monitored [2] time to time as many accidents took place lack of it. So in order to control the Industrial Process, Chemical Sensing Technologies has been emerging out to mainly emphasize on Control of combustion processes (oxygen) Flammable gases in order to protect against Fire Explosion. Toxic gases for environmental monitoring. Solid Electrolyte Sensor SE sensor [3] [4] is based on the principle of electrochemical gas detection, which is used to detect chemicals or gases that can be oxidized or reduced in chemical reactions. It mainly contains three electrodes: A sensing or working electrode which reacts when gas is available by either oxidizing or reducing the target gas. A counter electrode which provides a comparing converse response to that occurring at the sensing electrode so as to provide a net current stream. A reference electrode that stays unaffected by the chemical reactions occurring on the sensing and counter electrodes and provides a stable potential against which measurements are frequently created. Figure 1. Solid Electrolyte Sensor SEC sensors (Figure 1) used in millions of vehicles to monitor the exhausted gases and minimize the toxic emissions. Thermal-Chemical Sensors Thermal-chemical sensors [2] works on principle that there will be a change in temperature (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  T) when heat energy is released or absorbed (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Eh). The pellistor is the most common thermal-chemical sensor (other thermal sensors are based on either on thermistors or on thermopiles). They are used for monitoring of combustible gases. Figure 2.Thermal-Chemical Sensors Gravimetric Chemical Sensors They are also known as piezoelectric sensors [5]. They are of two types used for gas sensing – Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) device and the Quartz Crystal Micro Balance (QCM) as in Figure 4. Figure 3. SAW Device Figure 4. Quartz Crystal Balance SAW device produces a surface wave that travels along the surface of the sensor while the QCM produces a wave that travels through the bulk of the sensor as shown in Figure 3. Both work on the principle that a change in the mass of piezoelectric sensor coating due to gas absorption results in a change in the resonant frequency of exposure to a vapor. Conducting Polymer Sensor: Conducting polymers [2] are plastics and they change their resistance while they adsorb or desorb specific chemicals (Figure 5). The adsorption of these chemicals mainly emphasized on the polarity (charge) and their molecular structure (shape and size). Figure 5. Conducting Polymer Sensor Due to their high sensitivity, low price and rapid response time at room temperatures, Conducting Polymer Sensor best suits for chemical sensing. IR Spectroscopy Sensors: The Spectroscopic Sensors [2] determine the concentration of several gases at a time and they work on the principle that all the gases interfere and adsorb infrared spectrum at specific wavelengths due to their natural molecular vibration. Some systems with narrow band interference filters or laser light sources for a specific gas (like CO2) are termed as monochromatic systems. Figure 6. IR Spectroscopy Sensors In the above Figure 6, some concentration of CO2 present in the sample gas is absorbed by the infrared detector at a wavelength of 4.3 ÃŽ ¼m while an infrared light periodically emitted from the light source. These sensors are most suitable for CO2 gas and shows low cross-sensitivity with different gasses and are moderate at the reaction, fairly good at accuracy and linearity but are cumbersome and costly. Optical Fiber Sensors The optical fiber utilized as a locality of those sensors [6] is coated with fluorescent dye. On association with the vapor, the Polarity variations within the fluorescent dye will changes the dyes optical properties such as wavelength shift in fluorescence, intensity and spectrum changes. These optical as in Figure 7 changes are used as the retaliation mechanism for gas. Figure 7. Optical Fiber Sensor Optical gas sensors are mostly used to detect concentrations of ammonia (NH3). They have very fast response times, short of what 10 micro sec for sampling and analysis and are compact; lightweight can be multiplexed on a single fiber network, immune to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and can operate in high radiation areas. MOSFET Sensors: The metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) sensors [4, 7] based on a change of electrostatic potential. They comprise of three layers, they are catalytic metal also called the gate (palladium), a silicon oxide insulator (platinum) and a silicon semiconductor (iridium or rhodium) as in Figure 8. When polar compounds interact with this metal gate, the current flowing through the sensor is modified. Figure 8. MOSFET Sensor [7] As no hydrogen atoms are released, molecules such as ammonia or carbon monoxide cannot be detected with a thick metal layer. But it can be possible to detect them when the metal gate is thinned. These MOSFET sensors or MOS sensors are very robust and have a relatively low sensitivity. E-Nose as Fire Detection System An electric or artificial nose can sense different types of chemicals and even distinguish particles not only for identifying individuals, but also used for the detection of fire. They work on the principle that smoke is made up of different chemical compounds. These devices consist of dozens of sensors that sense different types of chemical compounds found in the air. Some of the chemicals that cause smoke leads to flames are discussed below. Smoke It is a collection of solid and liquid particulates in air and emits gases when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis [8]. This is a commonly an unwanted by-product of fires (including candles, stoves, fire ramp and oil lamps), but may also be used for fumigation i.e., pest control. Smoke signals is communication for long distances like smoke signals to transmit signals, news or to indicate the people to gather in a place, offensive and defensive capabilities in the military (smoke-screen), cooking, or smoking like marijuana, tobacco and etc.). Heptane: It is a non-polar solvent and minor component of gasoline [9] with chemical formula H3C (CH2)5CH3 or C7H16. This is a colorless liquid and very hazardous chemical that appears which sense like petrolic odor. The structure of Heptane is shown in Figure 9. Figure 9. Heptane Structure It is commercially available as mixed isomers for use in paints and coatings and mainly applied in pharmaceutical manufacturing laboratories and for research development. It has a melting point at −91.0 to −90.1 °C; −131.7 to −130.3 °F; 182.2 to 183.0K Toluene It is a fragrant hydrocarbon (Its IUPAC deliberate name is methylbenzene) [10] is broadly utilized as a solvent and as an industrial feedstock. It is a water-insoluble clear liquid with the typical smell of paint thinners. In some cases toluene is also used as an inhalant drug for its intoxicating properties; on the other hand, breathing in toluene can possibly cause serious neurological damages. Figure 10. Toluene Structure Toluene (Figure 10) is principally utilized as a precursor to benzene. The second positioned application includes its disproportionation to a mixture of benzene and xylene. Methanol Methanol is the simplest alcohol, and is a light, unstable, colorless, ignitable fluid with a unique smell as same as to, however marginally sweeter as that of drinking alcohol which we called as ethanol [11]. It is otherwise referred as methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, which is produced as a by-product of the destructive distillation of wood, wood naphtha or wood spirits, with the formula CH3OH for the structure in Figure 11 (often abbreviated MeOH). Figure 11. Structure of Methanol It is likewise utilized for delivering biodiesel by means of transesterification response. At room temperature, it is a polar fluid, and is utilized as a liquid catalyst, dissolvable, fuel, and as a denaturant for ethanol. Methanol is created regularly in the anaerobic metabolism of numerous mixtures of microbes, and is normally present in little sums in the earth. HDPE Beads High Density Poly Ethylene Beads [1] are white hermoplastic base resin and looks like wax and have the properties of electric wire. Figure 12. HDPE Beads HDPE Beads in the above Figure.12 used for extrusion packaging film, rope, woven bags, fishing nets, water pipes; injection of low-end commodity and housing, non-bearing load components, plastic box, turnover box; extrusion blow moulding containers, hollow products, bottles and it has society of plastic industry resin ID code is 2. Mixed Plastics Blended plastic [12] shown in Figure 13 is a term that covers all non-container plastic bundling sourced from the wastage of households, and it incorporates inflexible and adaptable plastic things of different polymer types and shades. It excludes plastic bottles and non-packaging items. Figure 13. Mixed Plastics Dry Ice: Figure 14 shows that it is the strongest manifestation of Carbon dioxide and fundamentally utilized as a cooling agent. It transmutes at −78.5  °c (−109.3  °f) at Earth atmospheric pressures. This great frost makes the strong perilous to handle without protection due to burns caused by freezing (frostbite). It is referred as Card ice [13]. Figure 14. Dry Ice Fire Detection Mechanism in E-Nose A Novel technique should be employed in E-Nose to respond immediately whenever the fire accidents took place [14]. The main objective of this mechanism is to reduce the nuisance alarms. Several experiments are conducted on various materials that causes smoke and observed how the materials go on burning while ignited them. The table 1 indicates that the ignition method and fire type (how the material burns) of the particular material which causes fire. Every E-Nose contains a sensory system (two components in E-Nose one is sensory system and the other component is a pattern recognition system [15]) and we need to enhance it so that it can be used as the fire detection system. In the sensory system, one among the above mentioned gas sensors are selected such that they detects particular material’s smoke and according to the classification algorithm and differentiate it whether the smoke is from fire and non-fire particles. Table 1: List of Particles Causes Fire The following Figure 15 shows the internal design of sensory system to be deployed in the E-Nose for reducing nuisance alarms as well as to react accordingly to the material that causes a fire. Figure. 15: Mechanism of Fire Detection System Based on type of these chemical compounds, the system can give information to the clients about the Fire and Non-Fire particles [16]. The system will perform the perfect action by ringing alert and empowers the fire extinguisher to keep the spreading of kindle to some degree by grouping fire and non-fire particles. The accompanying Table 2 gives the brief description of distinct fire extinguishers feasible in the market. Table 2: Types of Fire Extinguishers Where each Extinguisher specifies the classes of fires and they are listed below gives the details of their contents for which they belong to. Table 3: Classes of Fire Conclusion and Future Work Presently many more fire accidents are taking place and most of them are regarded as nuisance alarms i.e., the sensors that detect smoke will ring the alarm even though it is not necessary. In order to overcome this problem, this paper provided a novel technology that which holds the potential to give numerous benefits in terms of fire accidents like to reduce the nuisance alarms and to increase the reliability of the sensors. This mechanism not only reduces the false alarms, but also prevents the danger by enabling the in-built extinguisher whenever the fire particle is sensed. In future, we have a tendency to develop the precise classifier algorithm to distinguish the smoke from fire and non-fire particles.